初级三体是一种十分重要的作物遗传测验种。作者对水稻三体的有关下列问题作了评述:(1)来源;(2)形态分类;(3)细胞遗传学和(4)在遗传研究上的应用。 1975年国际水稻研究所利用形态学和细胞学建立了一套灿稻初级三体。十二类型的三体中除伪正常型外均能从外部形态加以区别,其额外染色体的传递率(通过雌配子)约为33％. 水稻初级三体在遗传研究上的用途为:(1)检验用传统方法所得连锁遗传分析结果的可靠性;(2)测定连锁群的独立性;(3)对新的突变基因进行定位。 Primary trisomy is a very important crop genetic test species. The authors commented on the following three aspects of rice trisomy: (1) origin; (2) morphological classification; (3) cytogenetics; and (4) applications in genetic research. 1975 International Rice Research Institute established a set of rice trisomic body using morphology and cytology. Twelve types of trisomy can be distinguished from the external morphology except for the pseudo-normal type, and the extra chromosomal transmissibility (via the female gamete) is about 33%. The primary trisomies used in the genetic studies are: (1 ) To test the reliability of the linkage genetic analysis results obtained using conventional methods; (2) to determine the linkage group independence; and (3) to locate the new mutant gene.