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目的:探讨有无共患其他精神障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿与其父母教养方式特点的关系,为探索父母养育方式在ADHD发病和治疗中的意义提供依据。方法:采用个体匹配对照研究,以46例共患其他精神障碍的ADHD患儿(ADHD共病组)、46例无共患其他精神障碍ADHD患儿(ADHD无共病组)以及46例正常儿童对照(健康对照组)为研究对象,完成一般情况调查表及父母养育方式问卷中文版(EMBU)的评估。结果:父亲情感温暖理解、母亲情感温暖理解因子评分健康对照组高于ADHD无共病组,而ADHD无共病组高于ADHD共病组(P值均<0.05);父亲过分干涉、父亲偏爱被试、父亲拒绝否认以及母亲偏爱被试因子评分ADHD无共病组与ADHD共病组差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),但均高于健康对照组(P值均<0.05);其他因子评分ADHD共病组高于ADHD无共病组,ADHD无共病组高于健康对照组(P值均<0.05)。回归分析结果显示父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、偏爱被试、母亲过分干涉因子分与“是ADHD共病患儿”呈正相关(β=0.16～0.71,P值均<0.01);父母情感温暖理解与“是ADHD共病患儿”呈负相关(β=-0.86,-0.81,P值均<0.01)。结论:ADHD患儿的父母养育方式主要表现为父母对子女拒绝接纳、惩罚严厉、否定、偏爱及过度保护;不恰当的父母养育方式可能与ADHD发病及ADHD共患其他精神障碍存在密切联系。
Objective: To explore the relationship between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parental rearing patterns in the presence or absence of other mental disorders and to provide evidence for exploring the significance of parental rearing patterns in the pathogenesis and treatment of ADHD. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 46 ADHD children with ADHD (ADHD comorbidity group), 46 ADHD children without ADHD (ADHD co-morbid group) and 46 normal children Control (healthy control group) as the research object, to complete the general situation questionnaire and parental rearing style questionnaire Chinese version (EMBU) assessment. Results: The father’s emotional warmth understanding, mother’s emotional warmth factor score was higher in healthy control group than in ADHD non-comorbid group, while ADHD non-comorbidity group was higher than ADHD comorbidity group (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in the co-morbidities between ADHD co-morbidities and ADHD cohorts (P all> 0.05), but both were higher than those in healthy controls (P <0.05) ; Other factor scores ADHD comorbidity group was higher than ADHD non-comorbid group, ADHD non-comorbidity group was higher than the healthy control group (P <0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that parents were severely punished, refused to deny, favored subjects, and their mothers were over-interference factors and were positively correlated with children with ADHD (β = 0.16-0.71, P <0.01) The comprehension was negatively correlated with “children with ADHD” (β = -0.86, -0.81, P <0.01). Conclusion: The parental rearing patterns of ADHD children are mainly manifested as parents refusing to accept children, severe punishment, negation, preference and over-protection. Inappropriate parental rearing patterns may be closely related to the onset of ADHD and other mental disorders comorbid with ADHD.