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目的了解深圳市葵涌街道居民传染病预防健康素养水平,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取居民1 010人,通过面对面问卷调查的方法进行现场调查,问卷内容包括传染病预防健康素养的4个方面(知识、行为、阅读、技能)。结果葵涌街道居民具备传染病预防健康素养的总体比例为9.51%,不同年龄组、不同文化程度和不同职业人群具备传染病预防健康素养比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。30~39岁年龄组最高,为13.30%;低龄组(15~19岁)和高龄组(50~74岁)最低,分别为5.71%和5.05%。在职业方面,专业技术人员最高,为21.21%;农民、离退休人员和餐饮业服务人员最低,分别为0、0和1.67%;具备传染病预防健康素养比例随文化程度的升高而增加。结论葵涌街道居民具备传染病预防健康素养总体水平偏低,应针对传染病预防健康素养较低人群开展针对性的健康教育和行为干预。
Objective To understand the level of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among street residents in Kwai Chung, Shenzhen, and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted interventions. Methods A total of 1 010 residents were recruited by multi-stage random sampling method. The questionnaire was conducted on the spot through face-to-face questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included four aspects (knowledge, behavior, reading, skills) of preventive health literacy of infectious diseases. Results The overall proportion of residents in Kwai Chung who had preventive health literacy for infectious diseases was 9.51%. There was significant difference in the proportion of preventive health literacy among infectious diseases among different age groups, different educational levels and in different occupational groups (P <0.05). The highest in the 30-39 age group was 13.30%. The lowest in the younger age group (15-19 years) and the older age group (50-74 years) were 5.71% and 5.05% respectively. In terms of occupations, the highest number of professional and technical personnel was 21.21%; peasants, retirees and catering workers were the lowest, 0,0 and 1.67% respectively; and the proportion of people with infectious diseases in prevention of health literacy increased with the increase of their educational level. Conclusions The overall level of health literacy in the prevention of communicable diseases among street residents in Kwai Chung is low. Specific health education and behavioral intervention should be directed at those with lower health literacy in communicable diseases prevention.