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为优化玉米氮磷钾施用,提高玉米产量和肥料利用效率,开展了杂交玉米禾玉9566氮磷钾配施试验,探讨氮磷钾配施对玉米农艺性状、产量和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配施能有效改善农艺性状,优化产量构成因子,主要是增加穗粒数,从而提高产量,对玉米产量的影响作用为氮>磷>钾。施氮、钾能提高玉米子粒和茎叶中氮、钾含量,施氮促进植株对氮磷钾的吸收利用,施钾可提高玉米子粒对氮、磷养分吸收量;氮磷钾三因子中促进养分吸收积累作用表现为氮>钾>磷。氮磷钾配合施用,可有效提高玉米植株对养分的吸收积累,子粒中氮、磷含量和子粒氮磷钾各养分吸收量均为最高,全株养分吸收总量也最高;每100kg经济产量N、P2O5、K2O养分吸收量分别为2.02、0.90、2.21kg,氮、磷、钾肥料利用率为33.28%、15.43%、48.79%,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为13.07、5.59、3.34kg/kg。
In order to optimize the application of N, P and K in maize and increase the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of maize, the NPK fertilization experiment on hybrid corn HeYu 9566 was conducted to investigate the effects of NPK fertilization on the agronomic characters, yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of maize. The results showed that NPK combination could effectively improve agronomic traits and optimize yield components, mainly by increasing the number of grains per spike, thus increasing the yield and the effect on the yield of maize as nitrogen> phosphorus> potassium. Nitrogen and potassium could increase the contents of nitrogen and potassium in maize grains and stems and leaves, and nitrogen application could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants, and potassium could increase the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in maize grains. Nutrient uptake and accumulation of nitrogen> potassium> phosphorus. N, P and K could effectively increase the uptake and accumulation of nutrients in maize plants. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the grains and the uptake of N, P and K in the grains were the highest, and the N absorption in the whole plant was the highest. The economic yield N P2O5 and K2O were 2.02, 0.90 and 2.21 kg respectively. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 33.28%, 15.43% and 48.79%, respectively. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 13.07,5.59 and 3.34 kg / kg.