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基于程序违法的刑事二审发回重审制度是针对程序违法的一种重要的制裁与救济机制。《刑事诉讼法》第227条第(5)项“其他违反法律规定的诉讼程序,可能影响公正审判的”是针对其他程序违法或程序瑕疵制定的兜底性条款,这类程序违法行为只限于一些技术性、操作性的程序违法,若一律发回重审,不但会损害刑事诉讼的“公正与效率”的核心价值,还会被某些法官以维护程序正义为由进行规避性适用,严重损害司法公信、影响司法效率、浪费司法资源。本文从司法实践层面,客观审视第227条第(5)项的运行现状及现实缺陷,进而从3个方面对该规定的正确使用进行科学界定和规范设计:一是更新司法理念,重新界定刑事程序发回重审理由;二是区分程序违法程度,明确发回重审案件的适用范围;三是规范程序设计,科学完善刑事二审发回重审制度。
The second instance of criminal trial based on procedural violation is the important sanction and relief mechanism for procedural violation. Article 227 (5) of the Code of Criminal Procedure “Other lawsuits that violate the law may affect the fair trial” is a non-disclosure clause formulated in the light of other procedural or procedural flaws. Such procedural violations Due to some technical and operational procedural violations, if all are sent back to retrial, not only the core values of “fairness and efficiency” of criminal proceedings will be harmed, but also some judges will evade the application on the ground of safeguarding procedural justice, Seriously jeopardizing the credibility of the judiciary, affecting judicial efficiency and wasting judicial resources. This article objectively examines the operational status quo and actual defects of Article 227 (5) objectively from the judicial practice level, and then scientifically defines and standardizes the correct use of the Provisions in three aspects: First, to update the judicial concept and redefine the criminal The procedure is sent back to the grounds of retrial; the second is to distinguish the degree of procedural violations, the scope of application of the case clearly re-sent back; the third is to standardize the program design, science and improve the criminal retrial system.