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生成语法是20世纪50年代末乔姆斯基创立的现代语言学流派。乔姆斯基创造性地提出了语言习得天赋假说,并运用该理论去描写和解释语言。生成语法认为语言是独立于其它认知能力之外的一种任意的、自治的形式系统。认知语法则认为语言就是认知的表现,所有的语言表达方式都可以从认知层面上找到解释。本文介绍了转换生成语法和认知语言学产生的背景和哲学基础,重点分析和对比了转换生成语法和认知语法视角下的英语存现句生成理论,并对他们作出了客观的评价。
Generative grammar is the modern linguistic genre founded by Chomsky in the late 1950s. Chomsky creatively put forward the hypothesis of language acquisition talent, and use the theory to describe and explain the language. Generative grammar holds that language is an arbitrary, autonomous form of system independent of other cognitive abilities. Cognitive grammar that language is cognitive performance, all language expressions can be found from the cognitive level to explain. This paper introduces the background and philosophical foundation of conversion grammar and cognitive linguistics, analyzes and compares the generative theories of English existential sentences from the perspectives of transformational grammar and cognitive grammar, and gives an objective assessment of them.