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通过《中国知网》、Science Direct、PubMed、Google Scholar等数据库筛选1990—2011年发表的关于我国铅酸蓄电池企业对周边环境、职业人群及周围人群影响的文献44篇,涉及我国15个省的34个城市,分析了我国铅酸蓄电池厂生产环境和周围环境状况及对人体铅负荷的影响。结果表明:作业环境中铅尘和铅烟的平均水平分别为0.032~2.880 mg/m3和0.027~0.710 mg/m3,超标率分别为0~100.0%和25.0%~95.6%;职业工人的血铅和尿铅的平均水平分别为138.0~869.4μg/L和0.28~1.24μmol/L,超过职业接触限制的比例分别为0~100.0%和4.8%~74.4%;铅酸蓄电池厂周围大气、地表水和土壤中的铅水平分别为0.000 4~1 420.0 mg/m3、0.003~29.925mg/L、0.05~2 980.00 mg/kg;铅酸蓄电池厂周边儿童的血铅平均水平为91.20~531.68μg/L,血铅超过100μg/L的比例为8.9%~97.1%。我国铅酸蓄电池厂车间生产环境中铅污染严重,职业工人体内铅负荷较高;厂区周围环境受到不同程度的污染,以大气污染最为严重;儿童体内血铅水平较高,儿童的健康受到不同程度的危害。
A total of 44 articles on the impact of China’s lead-acid battery enterprises on the surrounding environment, occupational groups and surrounding areas were collected from 1990 to 2011 through databases such as “China Knitting Network”, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. 34 cities, analyzed the production of lead-acid battery factory environment and the surrounding environment and the impact on human lead load. The results showed that the average levels of lead dust and lead smoke in the working environment were 0.032-2.880 mg / m3 and 0.027-0.710 mg / m3, respectively. The over-standard rates were 0-100.0% and 25.0% -95.6%, respectively. And urine lead were 138.0-869.4μg / L and 0.28-1.24μmol / L, respectively. The occupational exposure limits exceeded 0-100.0% and 4.8% -74.4% respectively. The ambient air and surface water of lead-acid battery factory And lead levels in soils were 0.0004-1 420.0 mg / m3, 0.003-29.925 mg / L and 0.05-2 980.00 mg / kg, respectively. The average level of lead in children around the lead-acid battery factory was 91.20-531.68 μg / L , Blood lead over 100μg / L ratio of 8.9% to 97.1%. Lead-acid battery factory production environment in our country lead pollution is serious, occupational workers in the lead load higher; plant around the environment by different levels of pollution, the most serious air pollution; children with high levels of blood lead, children’s health are subject to varying degrees The harm.