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目的了解医院血液科住院患者医院感染发病情况及其危险因素,提出预防控制措施。方法采用回顾性调查的方法,对某医院血液科2010-2011年期间住院患者医院感染发生率及其危险因素进行了调查。结果共调查血液科住院患者1 749例,发生医院感染患者98例、109例次,医院感染发生率为5.6%、例次感染率为6.2%。感染患者以恶性血液病者为主,占85.8%;感染部位以呼吸道居首,为64.2%。从感染患者送检标本中检出病原菌中,革兰阴性菌占47.6%,革兰阳性菌占33.3%,真菌占19.1%。血液病患者中性粒细胞数降低,血液病严重程度、化疗等因素构成血液病患者医院感染主要危险因素。结论血液科医院感染主要发生在恶性血液病患者中,危险因素特殊,无菌操作技术和加强基础护理是预防血液病患者医院感染主要措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial infection in hospital hematology department inpatients and to put forward prevention and control measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients during the period of 2010-2011 in a hospital hematology department. Results A total of 1 749 hospitalized patients were enrolled in the department of hematology. There were 98 cases of nosocomial infection in 109 cases, and the incidence of nosocomial infections was 5.6%. The rate of infection was 6.2%. Infected patients with malignant blood disease were the main, accounting for 85.8%; infected parts of the respiratory tract topped 64.2%. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 47.6%, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and fungi accounted for 19.1% of the pathogens detected from the infected patients. Blood disease patients with decreased neutrophil count, blood disease severity, chemotherapy and other factors constitute the major risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with blood diseases. Conclusion Hematology hospital infection mainly occurs in patients with hematologic malignancies. The special risk factors, aseptic technique and intensive care are the main measures to prevent nosocomial infection in patients with hematological diseases.