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深海热液流体与周围海水之间存在明显的物理和化学差异,通过检测海水的位温浊度异常是探测深海热液活动的重要手段之一。本文采用“海底火山带项目(Submarine Ring of Fire 2002)”拖曳式温盐深测量仪数据资料,研究了东北太平洋Explorer Ridge热液场的水文特征及物质能量通量的释放。结果表明Explorer Ridge热液场热液羽状流中性浮力层所在深度范围约为1 600~1 900m,距离海底的高度约为200m,最大位温、盐度和浊度异常分别为0.04℃、0.004和0.18NTU;中性浮力层热液羽状流帽呈椭圆结构,其长轴与洋中脊线重合,羽状流帽总面积约为27km~2;热液羽状流在中性层范围内存在明显的分层现象,通过经验公式计算得到Explorer Ridge热液场观测范围内热液喷口的总的浮力通量为6.19×10~(-2)m~4/s~3,平均值为2.063×10~(-2)m~4/s~3;总的体积通量为9.884×10~(-2)m~3/s,平均值为3.295×10~(-2)m~3/s;总的热通量为194.9MW,平均值为64.967MW。
There are obvious physical and chemical differences between the deep sea hydrothermal fluid and the surrounding seawater. It is one of the important means to detect deep sea hydrothermal activity by detecting the turbidity anomaly at sea level. In this paper, we use the “Submarine Ring of Fire 2002” towed salt temperature and depth measuring instrument data to study the hydrological characteristics and material energy flux release of the Explorer Ridge hydrothermal field in the northeastern Pacific. The results show that the depth of hydrothermal plume-like neutral buoyancy layer in Explorer Ridge hydrothermal field ranges from 1 600 m to 1 900 m, the height from seafloor is about 200 m, and the maximum temperature, salinity and turbidity anomalies are 0.04 ℃, 0.004 and 0.18 NTU respectively. The plume of the neutral buoyant layer has an oval structure with its long axis coinciding with the mid-ocean ridge. The total area of the plume cap is about 27 km 2. There is obvious stratification in the range. The total buoyant flux of hydrothermal vents within the observation range of Explorer Ridge hydrothermal field is 6.19 × 10 ~ (-2) m ~ 4 / s ~ 3, and the average Is 2.063 × 10 ~ (-2) m ~ 4 / s ~ 3, the total volume flux is 9.884 × 10 ~ (-2) m ~ 3 / s and the average value is 3.295 × 10 ~ (-2) 3 / s; the total heat flux is 194.9MW with an average value of 64.967MW.