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micro RNAs(mi RNAs)是一类单链非编码的内源性小RNA分子,参与细胞、组织甚至个体的生长发育。以往人们主要研究的是肝脏组织中mi RNAs在肝脏相关疾病检测中的应用,随着2008年血液中mi RNAs的发现,循环mi RNAs在疾病检测中的研究逐渐成为热点。micro RNAs普遍存在于血液中,与肝癌、肝硬化等多种肝脏疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文介绍了循环mi RNAs的来源及其特异性、稳定性等特性,简述了循环mi RNAs传统和最新的检测方法及特点,总结了循环mi RNAs在肝癌、肝炎、肝硬化、药物性肝损伤等肝脏疾病检测中的研究进展。近年研究表明循环mi RNAs检测具有采样方便、稳定性好、灵敏度高、可连续监测等优势,在肝脏相关疾病的诊断和预测中发挥了越来越重要的作用,其临床意义及应用前景已引起高度关注。本文重点综述在前人的研究结果中有望成为肝脏相关疾病诊断和预后判断的循环mi RNAs分子标志物发现目前的很多研究只是停留在实验室阶段,尚缺乏简单有效的诊断方法和统一的诊断标准,未来研究的热点应集中在如何进一步提高有潜力的mi RNAs分子标志物的敏感性、特异性和标准化,使其真正应用于临床诊断。
Micro RNAs (mi RNAs) are a class of single-stranded non-coding endogenous small RNA molecules that are involved in the growth and development of cells, tissues and even individuals. In the past, we mainly studied the application of mi RNAs in the detection of liver-related diseases in liver tissues. With the discovery of miRNAs in blood in 2008, the research on circulating mi RNAs in disease detection has become a hot spot. MicroRNAs are ubiquitous in the blood and are closely related to the occurrence and development of various liver diseases such as liver cancer and cirrhosis. In this paper, the origin, specificity, stability and other characteristics of circulating mi RNAs are introduced. The traditional and up-to-date detection methods and characteristics of circulating miRNAs are summarized. The effects of circulating miRNAs on liver cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis and drug-induced liver injury Other liver disease detection in the research progress. In recent years, studies have shown that circulating miRNAs detection has the advantages of convenient sampling, good stability, high sensitivity, continuous monitoring and other advantages, plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and prediction of liver-related diseases, its clinical significance and application prospects have caused highly anticipated. This review focuses on the findings of previous studies that are expected to become molecular markers of circulating miRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver-related diseases. Many of the current studies only stay in the laboratory stage, and there is a lack of simple and effective diagnostic methods and uniform diagnostic criteria , The focus of future research should focus on how to further improve the sensitivity, specificity and standardization of potential molecular miRNAs so that they can be truly used in clinical diagnosis.