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人类学在工商管理领域的应用,自20世纪20年代即已从西方开始,时至今朝恰逢百年之际。工商人类学(Business Anthropology)是将人类学范畴的理论和方法,应用于工商管理实践工作中的一门新兴边缘交叉学科。它补充了传统人类学的四大领域——文化人类学、考古学、体质人类学、语言人类学,是第五个领域的应用人类学。本文首先分析了民族地区贫困的自然原因与文化成因,并指出了民族地区精准脱贫依赖的地区特色禀赋和文化资源。其次,论及精准扶贫需要全社会力量的广泛参与,尤其是企业的利润追求本质与社会责任承担两方面结合在一起的广泛参与式扶贫显得尤为重要,工商人类学理论的指导作用在此处凸显。再次,指出工商人类学理论和方法在精准扶贫中的应用,主要在于引导企业参与社会扶贫,有助于推动相关部门采取积极的事前政策干预,增强精准扶贫政策的有效性、减少政策成本,能够为消减贫困地区贫困、推动贫困地区全面建成小康社会提供智力支持。
The application of anthropology in the field of business administration has started from the West in the 1920s and has now reached a hundred-year anniversary. Business Anthropology is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline that applies the theories and methods of anthropology to applied business management practices. It complements the four major areas of traditional anthropology - cultural anthropology, archeology, physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and is the fifth area of applied anthropology. This paper first analyzes the natural causes and cultural causes of poverty in ethnic areas and points out the regional endowments and cultural resources on which poverty relief in ethnic areas depends. Secondly, the comprehensive participation of all social forces in the field of precision poverty alleviation is required. In particular, the extensive participatory poverty alleviation that combines the essence of corporate profits and the commitment to social responsibility is particularly important. The guiding role of business anthropology is highlighted here . Thirdly, it points out that the application of business anthropology theory and method in the accurate poverty alleviation is mainly to guide the enterprises to participate in the social poverty alleviation, to help the relevant departments to take active ex-ante policy intervention, to enhance the effectiveness of the precise poverty alleviation policy and to reduce the policy cost In order to reduce poverty in poverty-stricken areas and promote poverty-stricken areas to build a well-off society in an all-round way to provide intellectual support.