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糖尿病肾病( DN)为糖尿病全身微血管并发症之一,由于目前缺乏针对DN有效的治疗方法,主要依靠药物延缓疾病进展或通过血液净化和肾移植等肾脏替代治疗维持生命,所以探索疾病的早期标志物及有效治疗方法对改善DN患者的预后非常重要。微RNA( miRNAs)在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及癌变等病理生理过程中起重要作用。目前研究发现,miRNAs参与DN的发病机制,而转化生长因子β1介导多种miRNAs在DN中表达。“,”Diabetic nephropathy(DN) is a major micro vascular complication of diabetes. Due to the lack of effective treatments for diabetic kidney disease,the treatment mainly relies on drugs that either delays its progression or involves renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. It is urgent to search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective therapy to improve the prognosis of DN. MicroRNAs have been shown to play fundamental roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Recently,the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of DN has been extensively discovered, and many transforming growth factor β1 induced microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of DN.