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酒精(乙醇)对肝药酶有双相作用,大剂量对药酶有抑制作用(酶抑作用);服用少量酒精对药酶起诱导作用(酶促作用),使药酶活性增加。且乙醇具有抑制中枢、扩张血管等作用,与其他药物伍用时会涉及药代动力学与药效学两大问题。现概述如下。一、抑制中枢作用的药物(一)巴比妥类饮酒使巴比妥类药在肠道吸收增加。一般认为,酒精可增加细胞膜的通透性,使巴比妥类易于进入细胞内而在中枢神经达到更高的浓度;也可能是酒精使巴比妥类与脂质及蛋白质的结合减少,改变了巴比妥类分布所致。因此,内服巴比妥、戊巴比妥、异戊巴比妥等巴比妥类药期间,若同时饮酒,可使其中枢神经抑制作用加强,以致病人对这类药物的敏感性增加而引起中毒反应。
Alcohol (ethanol) has a biphasic effect on hepatic drug enzymes, large doses of drug enzyme inhibition (enzyme inhibition); take a small amount of alcohol on the drug enzyme induction (enzymatic), the enzyme activity increased. Ethanol can inhibit the central, dilate blood vessels and other effects, when used in combination with other drugs will involve two major issues of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Now summarized as follows. First, inhibit the central role of drugs (A) barbiturate alcohol barbiturates in the intestinal absorption increased. Is generally believed that alcohol can increase the permeability of the cell membrane, so that barbiturates easily into the cells in the central nervous system to achieve a higher concentration; it may be alcohol barbiturates and lipid and protein binding decreased, changed The distribution of barbiturates caused. Therefore, during oral administration of barbiturates such as pentobarbital, pentobarbital, and amobarbital, simultaneous suppression of their central nervous system may lead to an increase in their susceptibility to such drugs Poisoning reaction.