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目的查明甲肝疫情的暴发原因,为处理学校突发公共卫生事件总结经验。方法对全部病例进行个案调查,采集患者密切接触的学生、教师及学校饭堂、学校副食品店从业人员血清进行甲肝IgM及肝功能检测,通过现场调查评估制订疫情处理措施。结果该疫情由学生饮用学校自供未经消毒的生活用水引起的甲肝暴发流行,发病171例,均为在校学生(住校生169例、外宿生2例),罹患率5.22%,发病学生中接种过甲肝疫苗的46例,接种过人免疫球蛋白的51例。结论此次甲肝群体暴发是由饮用了甲肝病毒污染的生水、共用餐具及密切接触引起。提示改善寄宿制学校食堂卫生设施、提供卫生安全饮用水,开展卫生宣传教育,提高甲肝疫苗接种率和加强卫生监管是防止寄宿制学校甲肝暴发的主要措施。
Objective To identify the causes of the outbreak of hepatitis A and summarize the experiences in handling sudden public health emergencies in schools. Methods A case study was conducted in all the cases. IgM and liver function tests of hepatitis A (MH) and liver function of hepatitis A patients were collected from the students, teachers and school canteens, and from the staffs of school grocery stores. Epidemic treatment measures were formulated through site investigation. Results The outbreak was caused by the outbreak of hepatitis A (H1N1) caused by non-sterilized domestic water supply in 171 students, both of which were in-school students (169 live-in students and 2 out-habitats). The attack rate was 5.22% Inoculated with hepatitis A vaccine in 46 cases, immunized human immunoglobulin in 51 cases. Conclusion The hepatitis A outbreak was caused by drinking raw water contaminated with hepatitis A virus, sharing tableware and close contact. The main measures to prevent the outbreak of hepatitis A in boarding schools are to improve the health facilities of canteen schools in boarding schools, provide safe and safe drinking water, carry out publicity and education on health, raise the vaccination rate and strengthen the supervision of hepatitis A in boarding schools.