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一、引言在桑托斯看来,经验和期待之间的差异是西方现代性的重要内容。这种差异处于潜在的动荡中,它所依赖的是支撑着现代性范式的两个支柱:规制与解放。规制保障着期待的稳定,解放则通过对抗规制并将其去合法化,从而增加经验与期待之间的差异。典型的现代性范式正是立基于解放与规制之间的动态张力之上,这种张力实现了秩序与好秩序的持续转换和不断进步。因而,规制与解放之间的张力是不可解决的,二者之间不可能实现最终的和解。然而,自19世纪中后期始,这种张力开始逐渐向规制方向倾斜,从而妨碍了解放
I. INTRODUCTION According to Santos, the difference between experience and expectation is an important part of Western modernity. This difference, which is in potential turmoil, relies on two pillars that support the paradigm of modernity: regulation and liberation. Regulation guarantees the expected stability, and liberation increases the difference between experience and expectation by antagonizing the regulation and legalizing it. The typical paradigm of modernity is precisely based on the dynamic tensions between liberation and regulation. This tension realizes the continuous conversion and continuous improvement of order and good order. Therefore, the tension between regulation and liberation can not be solved, and the final reconciliation can not be achieved between the two. However, since the middle and late 19th century, this tension began to gradually tilt toward regulation, thus impeding the liberation