干馏是在隔绝空气的条件下,对木材、煤加强热使之分解的一种加工处理方法。干馏后,原料的成分和聚集状态都将发生变化,产物中固态、气态和液态物质都有。对木材干馏可得木炭、木焦油和木煤气等;对煤干馏,可得焦炭、煤焦油、粗氨水、粗苯和焦炉气等。木材干馏一般可分为外热式和自热式两大类。外热式是将木材放入金属或耐火材料制成的密闭干馏炉(窑)内,外部用燃料燃烧供热使其他木材干馏。现代干 Carbonization is a processing method for separating heat from wood and coal under the condition of separating the air. After the dry distillation, the composition of raw materials and aggregation will change, the product of solid, gaseous and liquid substances have. Carbonization of wood available wood, wood tar and wood gas; on the carbonized coal, available coke, coal tar, crude ammonia, crude benzene and coke oven gas. Wood dry distillation can be divided into two types of external heat and self-heating. Exothermic type is the wood into the metal or refractory made of closed retort (kiln), the external fuel combustion heating other wood dry distillation. Modern dry