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企业劳动管理最先产生于西方的资本主义企业。在那里,企业劳动管理经历了三个阶段。一是劳工管理阶段,或称经验管理阶段,兴起于18世纪后期,终于20世纪初,延续时间最长,约一二百年;二是雇佣管理阶段,或称科学管理阶段,盛行于20世纪初到40年代,至今仍有影响,三是现代劳动人事管理阶段,受行为学派影响甚深,20世纪40年代开始盛行,迄今不衰。在上述三个阶段中,以中间的雇佣管理阶段较有代表性,它在管理学说流派上,也起着承先启后的作用。雇佣管理以科学管理扬名于世,其代表人物是美国工程师泰罗。他在对劳工管理阶段的经验和理论进行继承和批判的基础上,创立了泰罗制。泰罗制的主要内容是;①挑选“第一流的工人”为劳动典型,设计出标准操作法,并加以推广;②实行差别计件工
The labor management of enterprises was first produced by western capitalist enterprises. There, corporate labor management went through three stages. The first is the labor management stage, or the stage of experience management, which rose in the late 18th century and finally reached the beginning of the 20th century. The longest period lasted for about one or two hundred years; the second was the employment management stage, or scientific management stage, and it prevailed in the 20th century. In the early 40’s, it still has its influence. The third is the modern labor and personnel management stage. It is deeply influenced by the behavioral school. It began to flourish in the 1940s, and it is still alive. In the above three stages, the middle employment management stage is more representative. It also plays a role in the management school. The employment management is famous for its scientific management. Its representative is the American engineer Tero. He founded the Taylor system on the basis of inheriting and criticizing the experience and theory of the labor management stage. The main contents of Taylor’s system are: (1) Selecting “primary workers” as typical labor, designing a standard operating method, and promoting it; 2 Implementing differential piece counting