背景气道变应性炎症是哮喘发病的主要病理基础。麻黄汤出自张仲景的《伤寒论》,它是治疗哮喘的基本方,其加减方目前广泛应用于临床。目的探讨麻黄汤对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的作用。设计随机对照观察。单位广东药学院临床医学系内科教研室。材料实验于2003-03/2004-02在广东药学院动物实验室和病理实验室完成,选择36只小鼠。方法将小鼠随机分为正常组、哮喘组、治疗组,每组12只。对照组分别于实验第1,7,14,21天腹腔注入生理盐水0.2m L,第28天始用生理盐水雾化30m in,雾化前60min用生理盐水0.5m L灌胃。连续7d。哮喘组取含卵蛋白10μg、氢氧化铝20m g的生理盐水0.2m L,于第1,7,14,21天腹腔注入。第28天始用50g/L的卵蛋白生理盐水雾化30m in,雾化前60m in用生理盐水0.5m L灌胃。连续7d。治疗组小鼠的致敏与激发同哮喘组。雾化前60min用麻黄汤0.5m L灌胃。连续7d。采用苏木精-伊红染色及免疫组织化学染色分析各组小鼠肺组织病理变化及肺组织γ-干扰素和白细胞介素4阳性表达情况。主要观察指标各组小鼠气道浸润细胞及肺组织γ-干扰素、白细胞介素4比较。结果36只小鼠均进入结果分析,无脱失。①麻黄汤治疗组小鼠炎症比哮喘组明显减轻,支气管内及其管壁浸染细胞数明显减少。②哮喘组肺组织白细胞介素4、γ-干扰素阳性细胞数较正常组明显增多,其中白细胞介素4阳性细胞数更为明显,γ-干扰素/白细胞介素4比值下降。而麻黄汤治疗组白细胞介素4阳性细胞数明显下降,γ-干扰素阳性细胞数明显增多,γ-干扰素/白细胞介素4比值较哮喘组明显上升。结论哮喘小鼠可能存在Th1/Th2亚群的失衡。麻黄汤能够改善哮喘小鼠的支气管炎症,调节Th1/Th2比例,这可能是其治疗哮喘的作用机制之一。 Background Airway allergic inflammation is the main pathological basis of asthma. The ephedra soup comes from Zhang Zhongjing’s “Treatise on Febrile Diseases.” It is the basic treatment for asthma. The addition and subtraction prescriptions are widely used in clinical practice. Objective To investigate the effect of Mahuang Decoction on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Design randomized controlled observations. Unit Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Department of Clinical Medicine Department of Internal Medicine. Material experiments were performed at the Animal Laboratory and Pathology Laboratory of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from March 2003 to February 2004. 36 mice were selected. Methods Mice were randomly divided into normal group, asthma group and treatment group with 12 mice in each group. In the control group, normal saline 0.2 m L was intraperitoneally injected on the first, seventh, 14th and 21st days of the experiment. The 28th day was initially aerosolized with normal saline for 30 min, and the rats were intragastrically administered with normal saline 0.5 m L 60 min before nebulization. Continuous 7d. In the asthma group, 0.2 μL of physiological saline containing 10 μg of egg albumin and 20 μg of aluminum hydroxide was injected intraperitoneally on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. On the 28th day, 50 g/L of egg albumin saline was used to atomize 30 m in, 60 m before inhalation was administered with physiological saline 0.5 m L. Continuous 7d. The mice in the treatment group were sensitized and challenged with the asthma group. Ephedrine 0.5m L was used to gavage 60min before nebulization. Continuous 7d. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the pathological changes of lung tissues and the positive expression of γ-interferon and interleukin-4 in lung tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of airway infiltrating cells and lung tissue γ-interferon and interleukin-4 in mice of each group. Results Thirty-six mice were involved in the analysis of the results without loss. 1Mahuang decoction treatment group mice inflammation significantly reduced than the asthma group, the number of cells in the bronchus and its wall was significantly reduced. 2 The number of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma positive cells in the asthmatic group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, among which the number of interleukin-4 positive cells was more obvious and the ratio of interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 was decreased. The Mahuang Tang treatment group significantly decreased the number of IL-4 positive cells, γ-interferon-positive cells increased significantly, γ-interferon / interleukin 4 ratio was significantly higher than the asthma group. Conclusion There may be an imbalance of Th1/Th2 subsets in asthmatic mice. Mahuang Decoction can improve the bronchial inflammation of asthmatic mice and regulate the Th1/Th2 ratio, which may be one of the mechanisms of asthma treatment.