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目的了解已婚孕产妇生育状况、生育意愿及其影响因素。方法随机抽取泰安市两个社区育龄妇女620例进行调查,收集人口学特征、生育状况、生育意愿等资料,并进行二孩生育意愿的影响因素分析。结果有二孩生育意愿的320例占51.61%,希望生育两个以上98例占15.81%;在年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭收入和医疗费用的支出形式比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);为探讨多种因素对孕产妇生育意愿的影响,以是否有二孩生育意愿为因变量,以年龄、文化程度、民族、职业、经济状况、医疗费用的支出和是否为独生子女为自变量进行多元线性回归分析。采用逐步筛查法筛选自变量,经筛选后有3个因素进入回归模型:婚孕状况、独生子女、家庭年均收入,总贡献率为3.60%。决定不生育二孩的原因依次为“生育孩子成本太高”(270例,占43.54%)、“教育孩子困难”(152例,占24.52%)、“影响个人事业发展”(105例,占16.94%)和父辈压力(92例,占14.84%)。结论社区育龄妇女二孩的生育意愿较高,多种因素影响生育意愿,婚孕状况、独生子女、经济状况是决定生育的重要因素。
Objective To understand the fertility status of married pregnant women, their wishes of childbirth and their influencing factors. Methods A total of 620 women of childbearing age from two communities in Taian were randomly selected for investigation. Demographic characteristics, fertility status and fertility preferences were collected and the influencing factors of second child’s fertility were analyzed. Results There were 320 children (51.61%) who wished to have second childbirth and 15.81% wished to have more than two children (98.8%). There was significant difference in expenditure form of age, education level, occupation, household income and medical expenses ); In order to explore the impact of various factors on the maternal childbearing potential, whether or not the second child’s wish of childbirth is the dependent variable is determined by the age, educational level, nationality, occupation, economic status, medical expenses, Multivariate linear regression analysis of variables. Screening by step-by-step screening of independent variables, after screening, there are three factors into the regression model: marriage status, only children, average annual household income, the total contribution rate of 3.60%. The reasons for deciding not to give birth to two children are: “The cost of having children is too high” (270 cases, accounting for 43.54%), “Difficulty teaching children” (152 cases, accounting for 24.52%), (105 cases, accounting for 16.94%) and father pressure (92 cases, accounting for 14.84%). Conclusion The second child of childbearing age in community has a higher desire of childbearing. Many factors affect the intension of childbearing, the status of marriage and childbearing, the only child and the economic status are the important factors that determine the childbearing.