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目的：探讨社区家庭病床与住院医疗方式治疗首发精神分裂症患者的临床疗效以及对社会功能的影响。方法将接受家庭病床模式治疗的30例首发精神分裂症患者设为家庭病床组，抽取同期接受住院治疗的30例首发精神分裂症患者设为住院组，观察8周，治疗6个月后进行随访。采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床疗效，社会功能缺陷筛选量表评定社会功能。结果治疗后两组阳性与阴性症状量表总分及各因子分均较治疗前有显著下降（P＜0．01），同期两组间评分比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05），治疗8周末家庭病床组总有效率为93．3％，住院组为90．0％，两组比较差异无显著性（χ2＝0．22，P＞0．05）。治疗6个月后家庭病床组社会功能缺陷筛选量表总分及社会退缩、家庭外活动、家庭职能、个人生活、兴趣关心因子分均显著低于住院组（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论家庭病床是社区治疗精神分裂症的一条有效途径，且能够较好地改善患者社会功能。“,”Objective To explore the efficacy of community family practice and hospitalization for first‐epi‐sode schizophrenia (FES) and their influences on social functioning .Methods Thirty FES patients under‐going family practice were assigned to family practice group and 30 ones doing hospitalization to hospitali‐zation group ,observed for 8 weeks ,and followed up after 6 month treatment .Efficacies were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and social functions with the Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) .Results After treatment the total and each factor score of the PANSS of both groups lowered more significantly compared with pretreatment (P 0 .05) ,at the end of the 8th week the total effective rate was respectively 93 .3% in family practice and 90 .0% in hospitalization group ,which showed no sig‐nificant difference (χ2 = 0 .22 , P > 0 .05) .After 6 month treatment the total ,social withdrawal ,activity outside family ,role‐family ,individual life and interest/concern score of the SDSS were all significantly lower in family practice than in hospitalization group (P< 0 .05 or 0 .01) .Conclusion Community family practice is an effective way to treat schizophrenia and could improve patients’ social functioning better .