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本文探讨车辆容器结构(如棚车、漏斗车和敞车),当受冲击或振动时,散装粒状、块状或粉末状材料的侧压力。 1978年,我们完成了敞车冲击和1:20模型敞车两个试验。发现冲击或振动的加速度愈大,动侧压力亦愈大。侧压力可按作用加速度分为三种状态,它们是静态、动态和类液态。 众所周知,库伦于1776年导出了静侧向土压力计算公式。据报导,日本人和我国陈府祥同志曾研究过动态的动侧压力。他们的近似理论仅适用于地震工程的计算。本文给出了动态的通用算式和类液态的近似理论。
This article explores the side pressure of bulk granular, massive or powdered materials in vehicle container structures such as box car, hopper car and gondola when subjected to impact or vibration. In 1978, we completed two tests of gondola impact and 1:20 model gondola. The greater the acceleration of the shock or vibration, the greater the pressure on the moving side. Side pressure can be divided into three kinds of action acceleration, they are static, dynamic and liquid-like. It is well-known that Kulun derived the formula of static lateral earth pressure in 1776. It has been reported that the Japanese and Chinese Minister Chen Fuxiang have studied the dynamic pressure. Their approximation theory applies only to seismic engineering calculations. In this paper, the general formulas of dynamic and liquid-like approximation are given.