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民间故事解读中存在着日趋脱离故事本身,抽象向虚解读的倾向。但是,在故事本体之上,抽象框架之下,可以尝试向实的解读形式,即以故事叙事为依据,抽绎出叙事语段,与特定的社会现实相联系,据于现实向传统叙事提出问题。毛衣女故事主要是关于婚姻和生育的叙事。就生育视角看,毛衣女故事明显具有借种生育习俗的痕迹,牛郎织女故事则是借腹生育习俗痕迹深重。二者都是不完整的婚姻形式与生育困境的解决方案,是一种生育互助模式,以解决面对生育困境的难题。这种面向实在问题的婚姻生育故事研究,具有历史的、民俗的多方面的依据。在面对人口老龄化发展,且不孕不育日趋严重的今天,这类传统叙事的解读又会有许多现实的启示。
In the interpretation of folk tales, there is a tendency to deviate from the story itself and abstract to the virtual. However, under the abstract framework of the story ontology, we can try to deduce the narrative segment based on the story narration, which is related to the specific social reality and is based on the reality to the traditional narrative problem. Sweater story is mainly about marriage and childbirth narrative. From a fertility perspective, the sweater’s female story obviously has the traces of borrowing the custom of childbearing, while the story of the Cowboy and the Weaver’s female is deeply implicated in the practice of abortion. Both are incomplete solutions to the problem of marital forms and fertility problems and are a model of childbirth and mutual assistance so as to solve the difficult problems facing the fertility crisis. This kind of research on the real issue of marriage and childbirth has many historical and folklore bases. In the face of the aging population, and the increasingly serious infertility today, there will be many realistic revelations of such traditional narration.