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目的了解北京市顺义区初中学生哮喘防治知识现状,为开展以学校为基础的哮喘患儿健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用自填式家长问卷,对顺义区整群抽取的初一、初二10 780名学生患哮喘状况进行筛查。根据家长报告,有56名学生曾被医生诊断哮喘,341名学生近12个月有喘息史但没有患哮喘诊断(疑似哮喘)。对哮喘学生、疑似哮喘学生及以班级为单位抽取的非哮喘学生(474名)进行有关哮喘知识自填式问卷调查。结果在被调查的10 780名初中生中,哮喘报告率为0.52%,可疑哮喘报告率为3.16%。在被调查的患哮喘初中生中,只有7.1%能比较全面地正确地回答哮喘的早期症状,有55.4%知道远离过敏原可避免或减少哮喘的发作。哮喘、疑似哮喘和非哮喘学生之间有关哮喘干预知识得分差异无统计学意义。结论患哮喘的学生缺乏哮喘干预相关知识,应重视在初中生中开展哮喘干预教育。
Objective To understand the status of asthma prevention and control among junior middle school students in Shunyi District, Beijing, and to provide reference for the development of school-based asthma education for children. Methods A self-administered parental questionnaire was used to screen 10,780 first- and second-year students with asthma in the Shunyi district. According to the parents’ report, 56 students had been diagnosed with asthma by doctors, and 341 students had a history of wheezing for nearly 12 months but had no asthma diagnosis (suspected asthma). Asthmatic students, suspected asthmatic students, and non-asthmatic students (474) who were selected as a unit were asked to self-administer questionnaires on asthma knowledge. Results Among the 10 780 junior high school students surveyed, the asthma reporting rate was 0.52%, and the suspicious asthma reporting rate was 3.16%. Of the asthma juniors surveyed, only 7.1% responded to the early symptoms of asthma more correctly and 55.4% knew that staying away from allergens could prevent or reduce the onset of asthma. There was no significant difference in scores of asthmatic intervention knowledge among asthmatic, suspected asthmatic and non-asthmatic students. Conclusion Students with asthma lack knowledge about asthma intervention and should pay attention to asthma education in junior middle school students.