现实主义文学作为西欧资本主义制度确立和发展时期的产物,通常是指19世纪30年代以后在欧洲文学艺术中取代浪漫主义而占主导地位的一种主要文艺思潮和运动。美国在此背景下,也涌现出了一批具有代表性的现实主义作家,他们对美国其后的文学发展产生了深刻的影响。 Realistic literature, as a product of the establishment and development of the capitalist system in Western Europe, usually refers to a major literary trend and movement predominantly replacing romanticism in the European literary and artistic circles after the 1830s. Against this backdrop, the United States has also emerged as a group of representative realist writers who have had a profound impact on the subsequent development of the American literature.