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减粘裂化是一种较为成熟的热加工工艺。由于其投资费用和操作费用较低、可靠性较高,因此作为渣油改质的重要手段之一,近年来重新受到了人们的重视。虽然减粘裂化反应器仍保持着炉管式、塔式反应器的基本形式,但减粘裂化工艺类型在常规减粘裂化的基础上开发出了转化率高,且不易生焦的临氢减粘、供氢减粘裂化等减粘裂化新工艺类型,不但提高了减粘裂化反应的苛刻度,增加了中间馏分油产率,而且还在不同程度上改善了减粘裂化产品安定性差的问题。各种不同种类的供氢剂投入工业应用促进了减粘裂化工艺的发展。在一定氢压下使用供氢剂可以使减压渣油实现最大程度的转化而不形成干渣。还介绍了我国开发的延迟减粘、上流式缓和减粘裂化等减粘裂化工艺类型。
Visbreaking is a more mature thermal processing technology. Due to its low capital and operating costs and high reliability, it has received renewed attention in recent years as one of the important means of residue upgrading. Although the visbreaking reactor still holds the basic form of furnace tube and tower reactor, the type of the visbreaking process developed on the basis of conventional visbreaking a hydrogen reduction by high conversion and non-coke formation Viscous, hydrogen-based visbreaking and other types of visbreaking new technology, not only increased the severity of the visbreaking reaction, increased middle distillate yield, but also to varying degrees, improved the stability of visbroken products is poor . Various types of hydrogen donor into industrial applications to promote the development of visbreaking process. Hydrogen pressure at a certain hydrogen pressure can make the vacuum residue to achieve the greatest degree of conversion without the formation of dry residue. Also introduced China’s development of delayed visbreaking, up-flow visbreaking mitigation and other types of visbreaking process.