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耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌是院内感染常见病原菌之一，也可导致社区相关性感染。社区相关性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(CA-MRSA)与医院相关性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(HA-MRSA)在很多方面存在差异，其对多数非β-内酰胺类抗菌药敏感，大多携带杀白细胞素，多为葡萄球菌染色体mec基因盒Ⅳ或Ⅴ型。CA-MRSA毒力更强，并不仅仅归因于杀白细胞素，α-毒素和α型酚溶调制蛋白等核心基因组编码的毒素也是其高毒力、高致病性的重要原因。金黄色葡萄球菌对β内酰胺类抗生素耐药主要是因为存在mecA基因，而对非β-内酰胺类抗生素是否耐药则取决于是否携带其他耐药基因。本文对CA-MRSA的流行病学、毒力因子、耐药基因以及与HA-MRSA的区别等作一综述。“,”Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the common nosocomial pathogens and can also cause community-related infections.Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) are different in many aspects.CA-MRSA strains are mainly staphylococcal chromosome mec gene cassette Ⅳ or type Ⅴ, and are sensitive to most non-β lactam antibacterial drugs.Most of them carry Panton-Valentine leukocidin.CA-MRSA is more toxic than HA-MRSA, not only due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxins encoded by core genomes such as α-toxin and phenol-soluble modulin-α are also important reasons for its high toxicity and high pathogenicity.The mecA gene is a resistance gene that causes Staphylococcus aureus to be resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, while resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics depends on whether it carries other resistance genes.This paper reviews the epidemiology, virulence factors and drug resistance genes of CA-MRSA, and the difference between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA.