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戴震《孟子字义疏证》采用经学训诂的形式对义理内容进行建构,在学术思想史上产生了巨大影响。本文对戴震的义理旨趣、考据特征以及对《孟子》的创新阐释及其缺陷作了分析,认为其过度目的性阐释导致了《疏证》在接受方面的诸多困局。戴震义理学表面上对程朱理学持批判立场,但双方在动机、旨趣和义理内容的建构上不具同源性,戴震把程朱理学瑕疵当成程朱理学本身加以攻击,对原始儒意的理解并没有超越宋儒而进行。戴震对于《孟子》的把握仍有未达,但《疏证》所展现出来的批判精神却影响深远。
Dai Zhen’s “Mencius Word Stroke” uses the learned form to construct the content of the righteousness and has a tremendous impact on the history of academic thought. This essay analyzes Dai Zhen’s purport, the features of his test, the innovative explanation of “Mencius” and its defects. He thinks that his over-purpose explanation leads to many dilemmas in the acceptance of “Shu Zheng”. On the surface, Dai Zhenyi’s jurisprudence holds a critical position on Cheng and Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism. However, both sides have no homology in the construction of motivation, interest and moral content. Dai Zhen attacked Cheng Zhu’s flaws as Cheng Zhu Nei itself, And did not go beyond Song Confucianism. Dai Zhen still lacks mastery of “Mencius”, but the critical spirit demonstrated by “Duanzheng” has far-reaching impact.