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八股文的产生经历过漫长的发展过程,其渊源可以追溯到宋代的经义。经义是宋代科举考试所用的一种文体,以经书中的文句为题,应试者作文阐明其中义理。宋代的经义虽无固定的格式,但在代圣人立言这点上,已经具有了八股文的雏型。经义后来又吸收了南宋以后的散文以及元曲的一些成份,到了明初据说是由朱元璋和刘基两人确定为一种独立的八股文体,成化以后就更加完备了。有清一代,八股文泛滥成灾,直到清末才同科举制度一起被彻底废除。
The emergence of the eight-part essay has undergone a long process of development, its origins can be traced back to the Song Dynasty’s righteousness. Jingyi is a kind of style used in the imperial examinations in the Song Dynasty. Taking the essay in the book as a topic, the essayist explains the meanings. Though there is no fixed format in the Song Dynasty, there is already a prototype of the eight-part essay on this point. Later, the sutra absorbed some essays after the Southern Song Dynasty and some elements of the original novels. By the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was said that Zhu Yuanzhang and Liu Ji were both identified as an independent essayist style and became more complete after Chenghua. There was a generation of Qing Dynasty, and the essay was in full swing until it was completely abolished with the imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty.