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绪言由于新生事物的不断涌现,目前尚难准确预测高炉冶炼未来的趋向。在我们看来,高炉炼铁的技术革命,起始于彻底的原料准备及使用几乎达100%的自熔性烧结矿为炉料。后来我们增加鼓风的预热强度,近来更采用高压炉顶操作。目前正尝试喷入少量蒸汽。所有这些结合起来,实试上就是我们倡议多年的“三高”。高炉冶炼过程甚为复杂,不能单从某一角度进行研究。我们得不断改变我们的观点,因此,本文所描述的问题不免有些零乱。我们对过程的某些方面,研究比较深入,对其它方面则只作肤浅的了解。这是很自然的,因为高炉操作的实践超过了高炉操作的理论。这些理论涉及流体力学,燃烧的物理学,及直接还原机理等。目前我们的知识甚至还不能肯定了解一块焦炭(碳)在高炉里燃烧的情况,虽然这一问题已研究约五十年之久。焦炭在炉缸风口前
Introduction As the new things continue to emerge, it is difficult to accurately predict the future trend of blast furnace smelting. In our opinion, the technological revolution in blast furnace ironmaking started with thorough raw material preparation and the use of almost 100% self-fluxing sinter as charge. Later, we increased the preheating intensity of the blast, and more recently adopted high-pressure furnace roof operation. Currently trying to spray a small amount of steam. All of these combined, in fact, we try for many years “three high ”. Blast furnace smelting process is very complicated, can not be studied from a single point of view. We have to constantly change our point of view, therefore, the problems described in this article inevitably some mess. We study some aspects of the process in more depth, while others only have a superficial understanding. This is quite natural because the practice of blast furnace operation exceeds the theory of blast furnace operation. These theories involve fluid mechanics, combustion physics, and direct reduction mechanisms. At the moment our knowledge is not even sure about what a piece of coke burns in the blast furnace, though this problem has been studied for about fifty years. Coke in the hearth tuyere