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采用含有化学诱变剂EMS的石蜡油,直接处理玉米自交系黄早4和7922的成熟花粉,并结合M_2代突变基因的等位性测验,对花粉化学诱变创造特用玉米进行了研究.结果表明,在不同EMS处理浓度下,白色胚乳基因yl的诱变率平均为35.22%.,最高达到150.38%.1.67×10~(-3)可作为EMS诱发yl基因突变的参考浓度.糖胚乳基因sul、糯胚乳基因wxl、脆胚乳基因btl和直链淀粉扩充基因ael的单基因诱突率分别为2.54×10~(-3)、l.09×10~(-3)、0.36×10~(-3)和 0.36×10~(-3).sul和wxl的诱变率至少是自然突变率的100～1000倍.由于发生的是点突变,得到的为原亲本自交系的等基因突变体,因此该技术在育种实践和基础研究中具有重要意义.
The maize inbred lines Huangzao 4 and 7922 were treated directly with paraffin oil containing chemical mutagens (EMS), and the maize pollen was mutagenized by the allelochemical test of the M_2 mutant gene The results showed that the mutagenesis rates of white endosperm gene were 35.22% and 150.38% respectively at different concentrations of EMS, and 1.67 × 10 ~ (-3) could be used as the reference concentration of yl induced mutation in EMS. The single gene mutation rates of endosperm gene, waxy endosperm gene wxl, brittle endosperm gene btl and amylose expansion gene ael were 2.54 × 10 -3, 1.09 × 10 -3, 0.36 × 10 ~ (-3) and 0.36 × 10 ~ (-3) .The mutagenesis rates of sls and wxl are at least 100 ~ 1000 times of the natural mutation rate.As a result of point mutation, Therefore, this technique is of great significance in breeding practice and basic research.