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目的观察母乳喂养、混合喂养和人工喂养方式对婴儿体格发育的影响。方法选择自出生后即在长垣县人民医院系统管理的婴儿708例,其生后6个月内纯母乳喂养318例,混合喂养266例,单纯人工喂养124例;于2,4,6,8,10和12个月测量其身高、体重,Kaup指数法评价营养状况。结果①不同喂养方式婴儿体质量差异有统计学意义,F=3.881,P=0.023,人工喂养儿体质量最大。②3种喂养方式婴儿身长差异无统计学意义,F=3.363,P=0.208。③生后2,4月龄时人工喂养婴儿的偏瘦发生率和12月龄时肥胖发生率均高于母乳喂养和混合喂养,P<0.05。结论以母乳为主的喂养方法可以使婴儿体格均衡发育,单纯人工喂养增加4个月前的营养不良率,并可能潜在影响肥胖的发生。
Objective To observe the effects of breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding on the physical development of infants. METHODS: A total of 708 infants who were systematically administrated in Changyuan County People’s Hospital after birth were enrolled. Among them, 318 were exclusively breastfeeding within 6 months after birth, 266 were mixedly fed and 124 were fed by artificial feeding alone. At 8, 10 and 12 months, their height and weight were measured. Kaup index was used to evaluate the nutritional status. Results ① There were significant differences in infant body weight between different feeding ways, F = 3.881, P = 0.023, and the highest quality of infant feeding. There was no significant difference in body length between the three feeding methods (F = 3.363, P = 0.208). (3) The incidence of overweight and the incidence of obesity in artificial feeding infants at 2 and 4 months of age after birth were significantly higher than those of breastfeeding and mixed feeding (P <0.05). Conclusion Breastfeeding methods can lead to balanced physical development in infants. Simply feeding artificial infants increased the malnutrition rate 4 months ago and may potentially affect the incidence of obesity.