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常减压蒸馏装置是石化行业的龙头装置,同时也是能耗大户。因此,有效优化常减压装置,优化常压炉温度控制对提高经济效益,节能减排具有重要意义。本文根据某石化公司常减压蒸馏装置的生产实际,提出了一种基于广义预测控制技术的先进控制算法。广义预测控制算法是一种基于模型的控制算法。首先通过收集分析历史数据,测试各数据的关联规律来建立系统的数学模型。运用所建数学模型,通过对支路温度、流量,终温等变量的过去值、现在值的计算,得出被控变量的未来预测值,以此达到预测控制的目的。同时,多支路换热往往会出现各支路温差较大的现象。通过支路平衡技术,利用对各支路流量和瓦斯加热气的控制,实现各支路温度相近,温差极小的目的。为预测控制的有效实施,提供更加稳定的工况环境。通过对广义预测控制、提降量控制技术以及支路平衡控制技术等先进控制技术的工程应用,提高了常压加热炉装置的生产性能。效果表明该方法提高了常压加热炉的鲁棒性,减小了各换热支路的温差,降低了常压加热炉流量波动对生产的影响,有效促进了生产稳定和效益提升。
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is the leading petrochemical equipment, but also a large energy consumption. Therefore, optimizing the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit effectively and optimizing the temperature control of the atmospheric pressure furnace are of great significance for improving economic efficiency and saving energy and reducing emission. In this paper, according to the actual production of a vacuum distillation unit in a petrochemical company, an advanced control algorithm based on generalized predictive control technology is proposed. Generalized predictive control algorithm is a model-based control algorithm. First of all, by collecting and analyzing historical data, testing the association of the data to establish a mathematical model of the system. By using the mathematical model built, the predicted value of the controlled variable can be obtained by calculating the past value and current value of the variables such as branch temperature, flow rate and final temperature so as to achieve the purpose of predictive control. At the same time, multi-branch heat exchange often appear larger temperature difference between each branch. Through the branch balance technology, the use of each branch flow and gas heating gas control, to achieve the temperature of each branch similar to the purpose of minimal temperature difference. For the effective implementation of forecast control, to provide a more stable working environment. Through the application of advanced control technologies such as generalized predictive control, lift control technology and branch balance control technology, the production performance of atmospheric pressure furnace is improved. The results show that the method enhances the robustness of the atmospheric heating furnace, reduces the temperature difference between the heat exchange branches, reduces the influence of the flow fluctuation of the atmospheric heating furnace on the production, and effectively promotes the production stability and the benefit enhancement.