【摘 要】
：
Typically,tsunami evacuation routes are marked using signs in the transportation network and the evacua-tion map is made to educate people on how to follow the evacuation route.However,tsunami evacuation routes are usually identified without the support o
【机 构】
：
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Colorado State University,Fort Collins,CO 80523,US
论文部分内容阅读
Typically,tsunami evacuation routes are marked using signs in the transportation network and the evacua-tion map is made to educate people on how to follow the evacuation route.However,tsunami evacuation routes are usually identified without the support of evacuation simu-lation,and the route effectiveness in the reduction of evacuation risk is typically unknown quantitatively.This study proposes a simulation-based and risk-informed framework for quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of evacuation routes in reducing evacuation risk.An agent-based model is used to simulate the tsunami evacuation,which is then used in a simulation-based risk assessment framework to evaluate the evacuation risk.The route effectiveness in reducing the evacuation risk is evaluated by investigating how the evacuation risk varies with the proportion of the evacuees that use the evacuation route.The impacts of critical risk factors such as evacuation mode(for example,on foot or by car)and population size and distribution on the route effectiveness are also inves-tigated.The evacuation risks under different cases are efficiently calculated using the augmented sample-based approach.The proposed approach is applied to the risk-informed evaluation of the route effectiveness for tsunami evacuation in Seaside,Oregon.The evaluation results show that the route usage is overall effective in reducing the evacuation risk in the study area.The results can be used for evacuation preparedness education and hence effective evacuation.
其他文献
随着基于核心素养的基础教育新课程改革和现代教育技术逐渐信息化的发展,线上教育在各学科的教学中越来越受到重视.又经2020年疫情期间线上教学的推动,线上教学实践得到了进一步的完善.文章讨论了如何将高中生物学线上线下混合式教学应用于实践,利用翻转课堂的形式进行科学史等内容的教学,并就存在的问题提出了几点建议,以期为生物科学专业师范生或一线教师提供教学参考.
People with visual impairments(PwVI)repre-sent a heterogeneous social group who often experience significant disabling barriers in exercising their rights throughout their life course.Understanding dimensions of vulnerability of PwVI to disasters and clim
以“探究DNA的复制方式”为例,通过增补和重新梳理相关生物科学史,创设科学的探究情境,引导学生沿着科学家的探究历程逐步建构“DNA是半保留复制”的概念,领悟科学研究的思想和方法,进而培养学生的科学思维和探究能力,以更好地提升学生的生物学学科核心素养.
目的:描述浙江省中学生电子烟使用的流行水平及其不同性别、学校分布特点，判断电子烟的流行变化趋势，为青少年电子烟使用防控提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取浙江省60所中学共7 663名学生进行调查，采用电子烟尝试使用率、电子烟使用率等指标，依据浙江省中学生数进行加权计算。结果:中学生电子烟尝试使用率和使用率分别为6.99%和1.45%，电子烟易感率为4.19%。其中男生电子烟尝试使用率和使用率以及电子烟易感率均高于女生；农村学生电子烟吸烟率（2.07%）高于城市（0.48%）；职业高中学
患者，男性，年龄64岁，身高153 cm，体重27 kg，因“左侧反复胸闷2月，检查发现左侧肺大疱1月余”入院。诊断为：左侧巨大肺大疱；左侧肺气肿；右下肺小结节；脊柱侧弯，后凸畸形；Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭。拟行胸腔镜下左侧巨型肺大疱切除术。
目的:了解我国≥40岁绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病率及其影响因素，为我国骨质疏松症防控工作提供科学依据。方法:本研究数据来自2018年中国骨质疏松症流行病学调查，覆盖全国11个省（直辖市）44个县（区），通过问卷调查、体格检查收集调查对象相关变量，并采用双能X线吸收法测量腰椎和股骨近端骨密度。应用复杂抽样加权估计我国≥40岁绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病率及其95%n CI并分析其影响因素。n 结果:纳入分析5 728人，中国≥40岁绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病率为32.5%（95%n CI
Objective::Observational studies have reported malnutrition and vitamin deficiency in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), which can lead to serious metabolic syndromes and decrease anti-psychiatric drug outcomes. Whereas, vitamin intake along with psychiatr
在“细胞在结构和功能上是一个统一整体”的教学中,尝试通过“情境→问题→活动→评价”的思维过程开展教学,有效达成教学目标,在深化概念的同时,发展学生的科学思维.
This study examined the propensity of social media use by underserved communities by drawing on the literature on the digital divide and attribution theory.Specifically,this research explored the factors that can influence the use of social media for disa
目的:探讨退行性腰椎侧凸患者椎旁肌的变化，以及其与腰椎后凸的相关性。方法:回顾性分析67例退行性腰椎侧凸（degenerative lumbar scoliosis，DLS）患者的临床资料，均为女性；年龄为（65.4±5.6）岁（范围52~83岁）。腰椎侧凸伴后凸畸形（lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis，LDK）患者35例（DLS+LDK组），年龄（64.6±5.4）岁（范围52~75岁）；单纯腰椎侧凸患者32例（DLS组），年龄（66.2±5.8）岁（范围55~83岁）