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Refinement of procedures and models that use living animals makes a real difference to scientific validity,data quality and animal welfare. Refinements can be small and iterative and are frequently introduced without a premeditated plan,as part of general procedure development. Whilst this is encouraging, integrating refinement into experimental design is critical to reduction of suffering. A well put together welfare assessment protocol,established through a detailed analysis of each step of the model or procedure,is a very important tool for implementing refinements. This paper will give practical steps for identification of suffering in animals used for scientific purposes and provide examples of refinements to reduce suffering and improve welfare.
Refinement of procedures and models that use living animals makes a real difference to scientific validity, data quality and animal welfare. Refinements can be small and iterative and are frequently introduced without a premeditated plan, as part of general procedure development. Whilst this is encouraged, integrating refinement into experimental design is critical to reduction of suffering. A well put together welfare assessment protocol, established through a detailed analysis of each step of the model or procedure, is a very important tool for implementing refinements. This paper will give practical steps for identification of suffering in animals used for scientific purposes and provide examples of refinements to reduce suffering and improve welfare.