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目的研究乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗免疫时代泉州地区14岁以下儿童乙肝病毒(HBV)感染状况与抗体水平。方法 2006年11月以来采取分层多阶段随机抽样方法,全市共抽取11个县区,22个村、街道办事处,1107名儿童作为研究样本。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)、乙肝病毒e抗体(抗-HBe)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc),分析并比较各组HBV携带率与感染率。结果 HBV携带率与感染率随着年龄下降有显著下降,其中以实行计划免疫以来1～4岁儿童下降更为显著;HBV携带率男性(3.75%)高于女性(3.38%),差异无显著统计学意义,但农村(4.23%)高于城市(1.83%),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划效果显著,人群HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率均有不同程度下降,1～4岁儿童下降最为明显,因此,新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫是控制及消除人群HBV感染的有效措施。
Objective To study the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and antibody levels in children under 14 in Quanzhou during the immunization period of hepatitis B (HBV). Methods A stratified and multi-stage random sampling method was adopted since November 2006. The city collected 11 counties, 22 villages, sub-district offices and 1107 children as research samples. The HBsAg, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAg, HBcAb were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Anti-HBc), analyze and compare the HBV carrier rate and infection rate in each group. Results HBV carrier rate and infection rate decreased significantly with age, of which children aged 1 ~ 4 years decreased more significantly after planned immunization. HBV carrier rate was significantly higher in male (3.75%) than female (3.38%), with no significant difference Statistical significance, but rural (4.23%) higher than the city (1.83%), the difference was significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The inclusion of hepatitis B vaccine in children’s immunization program has remarkable effect. The population of HBsAg positive rate and HBV prevalence rate have declined to varying degrees, the most obvious decline in children aged 1 to 4, therefore, neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunization is an effective measure to control and eliminate HBV infection in the crowd .