论文部分内容阅读
School of Economics and Management, SHIJIAZHUANG University, ShiJiaZhuang, HeBei, China, 050035
Abstract. HeBei province has entered the middle of industrialization. At this stage, gap increasing intensified between urban and rural areas, and between the workers and peasants . In order to ensure the coordinated development of national economy and stability and security of society, we must carry out the measure that is "industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting the countryside". Although "System Regurgitation" and "Capital Regurgitation" is important, the "Public Service Regurgitation" is practical and a long-term solution. The rural public service is not the simple extension of urban public service. Only regarding demand as guide, consolidation of origin, innovation, and conducting performance evaluation of the result of the service can we truly realize the equalization of public service between urban and rural areas, making farmers share the achievements of the reform.
Keywords: the Middle and Latter Period of Industrialization, Industry Nurturing Agriculture, Rural Public Service
Industrialization is an important stage of economic development for a country or a region. There exists different view about division the industrialization process of a country such as "three stages", "four stages" and "six stages", but in the world the general view is "three stages" theory. Foreign scholars divide industrial process into three stages which are early stage, middle stage and late stage by using some indicators which are level of GDP per capita (Chenery Model), industrial structure (Division standard of Kuznets, Searle Quine and Chenery), the structure of industry (Hoffman Proportion and Cody index), employment structure (Clark Theorem, Employment Structure Mode of Searle Quine and Chenery), urban and rural structure (Chenery Urbanization Rate).
In recent years, some domestic government agencies and academic units analyzed our country industrialization phase from different angles, the conclusions of whom are basically identical. For example, ministry of industry and information technology say that China is still in the middle stage of industrialization whose process is far from over. The national bureau of statistics think that Chinese industrialization index in 2010 is less than 60, so it still exists a long period of industrialization. The analysis of the Chinese academy of social sciences research in 2007 is that China is in the second half industrialized phase in 2005 and expected to accomplish industrialization around 2020. Some experts in state information center believe that China entered the middle stage of industrialization in 1995 and ended in 2014 , and in 2015 it will enter the late stage of industrialization. 1. The analysis on industrial stage in HeBei
1.1 Measuring Per capita GDP
The per capita GDP of HeBei province is up to 36464.06 in 2012. It is $5776.48 by calculating according to the current average exchange rate, which is in middle industrial stage according to Chenery Model ( $3277-6553 in 2008).
1.2 Judging from three industrial structure
According to the output value of three industrial structure in 2012, the first industrial output value accounted for 11.99%, the second industrial output value accounted for 52.69% and the third industrial output value accounted for 35.32%. The first industry output value ratio is below 20%, which is at the middle stage of industrialization.
1.3 Judging from employment structure
In 2012, employment proportion of the first industry is 34.91%, employment proportion of the second industry is 34.28% and employment proportion of the third industry is 30.81%. The first industry is 4.1% higher than third industry, 0.63% higher than second industry which is in the range of 30%~45% provided by middle stage of industrialization.
1.4 Judging from urbanization rate
Urban population of HeBei province in 2012 is 34.11 million, accounting for 46.80% of the total population, which is in the range of 30%~70% provided by middle stage of industrialization.
2. The analysis on the policy of "industry nurturing agriculture" at the Middle and
Latter Stage of Industrialization
The process of industrialization of a country or a region is as well as the evolution of the industrial structure and the relationship between the workers and peasants. Different stages have their own characteristics. In the early stages of industrialization is the agricultural supporting industry. When industry has developed to a certain extent, it is in turn that industry support agriculture and cities support the countryside.
In 1950s, LiuYisi put forward dual economy theory which is the concurrence of modern industrial sector and the traditional backward agricultural sector. Through the transformation of economic structure, labor force of the traditional department continuously transfer to the modern department and finally in the late industrialization it form supply and demand balance between the department of industrial and agricultural. In 1960s, Ranis－Feimodel thinks that agriculture is not only to provide labor for industrial development, but also to provide agricultural surplus. D.W. Jogenson Model also highlight that regard agricultural surplus as the sufficient and necessary conditions of industrial sector expansion. Then "Latin American phenomenon" contributed to the generation of Todaro Model. In the early 1980s, development economists whose research emphasis again turned to agriculture think that countries should timely adjust agricultural development policies according to economic development especially industrialized, eliminate dual structure , and promote coordinated development between workers and peasants and urban and rural areas. HuJintao points out "Agriculture is the strategic industries which stabilize world and people and should be always govern seriously. Looking from the development of industrialized countries, it is a universal trend that agriculture support industry and provide accumulation to industry in the initial stage of industrialization. But after industrialization up to a considerable degree, it is also a universal trend that industry nurture agriculture and cities support countryside realizing harmonious development between industry and agriculture, urban and rural. " at the meeting of the Forth Plenary Session of The Sixteenth Central Committee.
At the beginning of New China, our country trap into a dilemma. On the one hand, under the international situation, we must let national economy develop with high speed and take industrial road. Besides, we had to start from establishing and giving a priority to develop heavy industry; on the another hand, national financial resources is limited, so sacrifice the interests of rural, agriculture and farmers in order to concentrate resources to guarantee industry. The dual social structure which exclude agriculture and farmers from the process of industrialization formed under the planned economic system causing unbalanced development of urban and rural. The city and the country like two wheels of the carriage which is national economy development. If one wheel is imbalances, the light effect impact the speed of the carriage but weight effect cause car crash. Hence, it is necessary to take the policy of industry naturing agriculture. "Industry nurturing agriculture" is the sublimation of "agricultural nurturing industrial". Industry has "growth" and goes to "mature" after accepting a long time feeding of agriculture and is supposed to return for agriculture. "Industry nurturing agriculture" and "city driving village" are inevitably choice in the middle and latter stage of industrial economic development, which is advantageous to the stability, peacekeeping and sustainable development of national economy and social.
2.1 The meaning of "industry nurturing agriculture"
"stability" effect of "Industry nurturing agriculture".Industry nurturing agriculture is conducive to promoting agricultural development and realizing the situation that the country is prosperous and the people are at peace. Before the industrial revolution, agriculture is the only dominant industry in national economy and is also the fundamental industry of social survival. After entering socialization of industrial, agricultural dominance is gradually replaced by industry, but its still is the basis of the social and economic development ensuring the steady growth and sustainable development of industry and national economy. Now, population of our country continuous increase, necessarily making the demand of agricultural products increase. However, the declining of cultivated land area and the increasing deterioration of the ecological environment makes harder to increase production of agricultural products. Food which is not too dependent on imports is a matter of national and national fate. "To protect national food security" has been put forward as a strategy of country in 2014. In order to ensure the quality and safety of food and agricultural products, we have to nurture agriculture powerfully and increasingly improve agricultural output capacity. "Peacekeeping" effect of "Industry nurturing agriculture".Industry nurturing agriculture is conducive to fairness and realizing the harmonious development of social and economic. International experience shows that when a country or region economic development entered the stage of middle industrialization, if it timely adjust development strategy, adhere to the "industry nurturing agriculture", increase support to agriculture, appropriately tilt to the interests of rural areas and farmers, increase farmers' income, and guarantee the farmers to live and work in peace, the whole national economy will be in coordinated and healthy development and realize industrialization and modernization smoothly. Conversely, it leads to agricultural atrophy, urban-rural gap, regional gap, widening the gap between rich and poor, intensifying social conflicts ,and ultimately affects the pace of industrial modernization.
2.2 The feasibility of the "industry nurturing agriculture"
From 2005 to 2012, GDP of HeBei province growth from 1.001211 trillion yuan to 1.001211 trillion yuan, increasing by 1.65 times. Per capita GDP increases from $1784.01 to $5776.49, increasing by 2.24 times. Fiscal revenue increases from 51.57 billion yuan to 208.428 billion yuan, increasing 3.04 times. The added value of the second and third industry is 1.477624 trillion yuan, which account for 89.21% in the added value of 1.65629 trillion yuan GDP. In 2012, the proportion of the second and third industry labor employment has reached to 65.1% and the urbanization level is up to 46.80%. Data show that the modern industrial system in HeBei province has been built preliminarily and has conditions to support the development of agricultural . It is time to perform "industry nurturing agriculture".
From the international experience, the goal of "industry nurturing agriculture" is mainly productive support and complementary increase farmers' income at the United States, Germany, Britain, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and other countries in the middle of the industrialization stage. Only owing the developed economies in the late stage of industrialization, the policy of "nurturing agriculture" becomes stability and specification can we turn to mainly increase farmers' income and protect the natural environment.
2.3 The policy choice of "Industry nurturing agriculture"
Using the experience of other countries and the present situation of HeBei economic development, the implementation of "industry nurturing agriculture" starts mainly from aspects of system, funding and public service. If compare the rural economy to coach towards the happiness, peasants are the passengers and "system" is the steering wheel which decide where the passengers go. "Money" as the fuel filling, its quantity and quality decide how far the coach go. "Public service" as the inner configuration and service, it decide the comfort of passengers. Three factors all indispensable, because "System Regurgitation" and "Capital Regurgitation" eventually embodies in "Public Service Regurgitation". System Regurgitation.Under the market economy system, resource is configurated by the market. Industrial yield higher than the agriculture is an indisputable fact. If this situation is allowed, industry will not nurture agriculture and even existing resources of rural will continuously enter industry. As the saying goes, military forces have not moved and the forage has started already. Policy and institutional choice on behalf of the government attitude, is the soul of industry nurturing agriculture, which is a matter of success or failure. This needs to actively eliminate and improve the original policies which have discrimination against farmers and the development of rural and agriculture. At the same time, build up fair and reasonable system and make full use of economic leverage such as taxes, interests rates and prices. Liberate productivity in the countryside to achieve a good interaction between the urban and rural, workers and peasants and make them share the achievements of economic reform.
Capital Regurgitation.Although it is important to cultivate agricultural own hematopoietic function, the necessary blood transfusion is the first choice in the growing problem of "Three rural issues" at present. "Capital regurgitation" is a material to ensure "industry nurturing agriculture", which asks the government to appropriately increase the intensity of fiscal investment and subsidies and have positive innovation to expand diversified rural capital supply channels. Government use efforts to reduce the financing cost and improve the efficient use of funds, which is called doing a good job in "addition" that is giving more; in addition, it minimize farmers' tax burden and reduce operating costs, which is called completing good "subtraction" that is taking less.
Public Service Regurgitation."Gives the human by the fish to be inferior gives the human by the fishing ". "Public Service Regurgitation" is the key and core of "industry nurturing agriculture". Combined present situation of the province rural economic development, government perform effectively aspects of the public service such as culture, science and education, health care, social security, ecological and environmental to realizing the situation where urban infrastructure is extent to rural, urban public service coverages the rural , and urban modern civilization is radiated to the countryside. Let all farmers share the benefits of industrialization, urbanization and modernization. Well and truly establish new pattern of urban and rural economic and social development which is equal status, open communication, complementary and mutually promote, making progress together, equal and harmonious. Let farmers really enjoy "education, employment, medical services, a sense of security, and housing". Achieve social stability and harmony. 3. Some thoughts strengthen HeBei rural public service in the middle and latter period of industrialization
3.1 The connotation of rural public service
The rural public service, a certain non-exclusive and non-competitive social services, is provided to meet the agriculture, rural development or common required of farmers' production and living. According to Maslow's theory of psychology, from the perspective of the farmers' personal need, it should include three levels that is physical, psychological and social intercourse. According to the use, it can be divided into five categories that is life services, productive services, security services, affordable services and developmental services. In the 12th five-year plan outline, it specific divided into nine aspects that is public education, employment services, social security, medical and health care, family planning, housing, public cultural nine aspects, infrastructure, environmental protection.
3.2 The significance of the rural public service
HeBei province has entered the middle of industrialization. Fairness, justice, sharing has become a contemporary mainstream value orientation. Strengthen the rural public service is a crucial factor to promote "three rural" work, promote basic public services between equally and safeguard national shared developmental results.
Establish and improve the rural public service system,which is supplemented by the tilt policy of financial, technology, talent, social security and other aspects, which effectively meet the demand of farmers, rural areas and agriculture. This is the core content of industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting rural.
The ascension of education, health care, social security and other rural public service level can remove the worry of farmers, which makes them save less and spend more to fuel economic growth.
Increase financial input can improve public services such as education, health, culture, which can increase human capital accumulation, cope with the challenge of high-tech better and speed up development of urban and rural economy.
Strengthen the rural public service is conducive to achieving the equality of wealth, resources and opportunities to promote the coordinated development of national economy and the integral development of urban and rural.
Increase investment in rural public service is conducive to adjust distribution pattern of the national income, and narrow the gap between urban and rural, the gap between the workers and peasants to promoting social fairness and justice. 3.3 From the perspective of demand to comparing urban and rural public services
Due to the restriction of many factors such as the historical evolution, the household registration system, land circulation system, production conditions, life style and the geographical environment, urban and rural basic public services is different in the level and content.
Life services.The difficult point of town is housing security and rural is focused on improving infrastructure, meeting the needs of farmers on daily food, clothing, shelter, transportation, medical and learning.
Productive services.The focus of town is on security and rural is on the construction of irrigation and water conservancy, roads and other infrastructure, and the services of guide before production,technical training during production and sales promotion after production.
Safety services.The town is the focus on handling service of atmospheric control, food safety, road traffic safety and emergency.The rural is the focus on the daily maintenance,ecological environment protection,animal epidemic prevention services and so on.
Security services.The town is the focus on solving the problem of urban equality among different groups.While social insurance level in rural such as medical and health, work injury, are low,which needs to improve.The system of land transfer system should reform.
Development services.Such as employment, the focus of town is as much as possible to create jobs and meet employment of rural residents; In rural it needs to focus on the export of labor services and skills training;Such as entertainment facilities, urban focus on fairness of resource allocation, and rural concerns reasonable facilities planning and layout.
3.4 Pay attention to some questions on rural public service
Public service should be oriented by customer.We can not simply extend city public services to rural areas based on difference of service between town and rural.We should make project planning, prevent supply from demand combined with the actual situation.Otherwise,we would get half the results with double the effort and in an awkward position.The government should make customer as client, The government is no longer the bureaucracy of superior , but entrepreneurs,which Can really get twice the result with half the effort.
Tamp foundation and enhance the level.We should increase the financial input in the system and capital, alleviate the inequality of public service at the urban and rural areas.In HeBei province,urban residents per capita disposable income is 20543.44 yuan, while in rural areas it is only 8081.40 yuan in 2012. The income of urban households is 2.54 times to rural households. The gap is very big. The public services in rural areas is provided by themselves.This is not only absence but also can not in place. If we want to reduce the gap between the workers and peasants, urban and rural areas, we must repayment of principal and interest. The innovation of public service supply mechanism and operation mode. On the basis of the government as the leading, we should encourage and guide individuals, enterprises and other social forces involved and form resultant force.For example,for different characteristics of public service product,we can use government equity participation, financial aid, joint ventures, bidding, business license, the public market implementation of various forms of public service and so on,which can improve situation of public services and efficiency of investment.
Make performance evaluation of public service. We can use scientific evaluation system to evaluate the performance of public services, which can guarantee the implement of public service.Government must deal with the relationship between "the helm" and the "paddle", and make clear the role and functions of the division.The government should not only pay attention to input and process, while ignoring the outputs and effects.
4. Acknowledgement
Science and Technology Project of Science and Technology Department, HeBei Province in 2013(13457414D).
References
[1] SuYinzeng, YangJinxiang and PengJianqiang."HeBei economy yearbook in 2013 ". Beijing:China statistics press, 2013.
[2] ZhangHaibin. "The influence on the ministry of industry and information technology setting up on the information". China Information Times. 2008.11(47)
[3] ZhouRui. "Statistics chief says the China economic and thinks that the restricting factors increase". http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2012/03-17/3751755.shtml.The Chinese news.
[4] ChenJiagui, HuangQunhun. Blue book of industrialization "China's industrialization process——from 1955 to 2005, evaluation and research of China's provincial industrial level " . BeiJing: Social Sciences Academic Press. 2007.7.1(32).
[5] FengFei, WangXiaoming, WangJinzhao. "Judgment on the stage of our country industrial development". China development observation. 2012.8(26).
Abstract. HeBei province has entered the middle of industrialization. At this stage, gap increasing intensified between urban and rural areas, and between the workers and peasants . In order to ensure the coordinated development of national economy and stability and security of society, we must carry out the measure that is "industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting the countryside". Although "System Regurgitation" and "Capital Regurgitation" is important, the "Public Service Regurgitation" is practical and a long-term solution. The rural public service is not the simple extension of urban public service. Only regarding demand as guide, consolidation of origin, innovation, and conducting performance evaluation of the result of the service can we truly realize the equalization of public service between urban and rural areas, making farmers share the achievements of the reform.
Keywords: the Middle and Latter Period of Industrialization, Industry Nurturing Agriculture, Rural Public Service
Industrialization is an important stage of economic development for a country or a region. There exists different view about division the industrialization process of a country such as "three stages", "four stages" and "six stages", but in the world the general view is "three stages" theory. Foreign scholars divide industrial process into three stages which are early stage, middle stage and late stage by using some indicators which are level of GDP per capita (Chenery Model), industrial structure (Division standard of Kuznets, Searle Quine and Chenery), the structure of industry (Hoffman Proportion and Cody index), employment structure (Clark Theorem, Employment Structure Mode of Searle Quine and Chenery), urban and rural structure (Chenery Urbanization Rate).
In recent years, some domestic government agencies and academic units analyzed our country industrialization phase from different angles, the conclusions of whom are basically identical. For example, ministry of industry and information technology say that China is still in the middle stage of industrialization whose process is far from over. The national bureau of statistics think that Chinese industrialization index in 2010 is less than 60, so it still exists a long period of industrialization. The analysis of the Chinese academy of social sciences research in 2007 is that China is in the second half industrialized phase in 2005 and expected to accomplish industrialization around 2020. Some experts in state information center believe that China entered the middle stage of industrialization in 1995 and ended in 2014 , and in 2015 it will enter the late stage of industrialization. 1. The analysis on industrial stage in HeBei
1.1 Measuring Per capita GDP
The per capita GDP of HeBei province is up to 36464.06 in 2012. It is $5776.48 by calculating according to the current average exchange rate, which is in middle industrial stage according to Chenery Model ( $3277-6553 in 2008).
1.2 Judging from three industrial structure
According to the output value of three industrial structure in 2012, the first industrial output value accounted for 11.99%, the second industrial output value accounted for 52.69% and the third industrial output value accounted for 35.32%. The first industry output value ratio is below 20%, which is at the middle stage of industrialization.
1.3 Judging from employment structure
In 2012, employment proportion of the first industry is 34.91%, employment proportion of the second industry is 34.28% and employment proportion of the third industry is 30.81%. The first industry is 4.1% higher than third industry, 0.63% higher than second industry which is in the range of 30%~45% provided by middle stage of industrialization.
1.4 Judging from urbanization rate
Urban population of HeBei province in 2012 is 34.11 million, accounting for 46.80% of the total population, which is in the range of 30%~70% provided by middle stage of industrialization.
2. The analysis on the policy of "industry nurturing agriculture" at the Middle and
Latter Stage of Industrialization
The process of industrialization of a country or a region is as well as the evolution of the industrial structure and the relationship between the workers and peasants. Different stages have their own characteristics. In the early stages of industrialization is the agricultural supporting industry. When industry has developed to a certain extent, it is in turn that industry support agriculture and cities support the countryside.
In 1950s, LiuYisi put forward dual economy theory which is the concurrence of modern industrial sector and the traditional backward agricultural sector. Through the transformation of economic structure, labor force of the traditional department continuously transfer to the modern department and finally in the late industrialization it form supply and demand balance between the department of industrial and agricultural. In 1960s, Ranis－Feimodel thinks that agriculture is not only to provide labor for industrial development, but also to provide agricultural surplus. D.W. Jogenson Model also highlight that regard agricultural surplus as the sufficient and necessary conditions of industrial sector expansion. Then "Latin American phenomenon" contributed to the generation of Todaro Model. In the early 1980s, development economists whose research emphasis again turned to agriculture think that countries should timely adjust agricultural development policies according to economic development especially industrialized, eliminate dual structure , and promote coordinated development between workers and peasants and urban and rural areas. HuJintao points out "Agriculture is the strategic industries which stabilize world and people and should be always govern seriously. Looking from the development of industrialized countries, it is a universal trend that agriculture support industry and provide accumulation to industry in the initial stage of industrialization. But after industrialization up to a considerable degree, it is also a universal trend that industry nurture agriculture and cities support countryside realizing harmonious development between industry and agriculture, urban and rural. " at the meeting of the Forth Plenary Session of The Sixteenth Central Committee.
At the beginning of New China, our country trap into a dilemma. On the one hand, under the international situation, we must let national economy develop with high speed and take industrial road. Besides, we had to start from establishing and giving a priority to develop heavy industry; on the another hand, national financial resources is limited, so sacrifice the interests of rural, agriculture and farmers in order to concentrate resources to guarantee industry. The dual social structure which exclude agriculture and farmers from the process of industrialization formed under the planned economic system causing unbalanced development of urban and rural. The city and the country like two wheels of the carriage which is national economy development. If one wheel is imbalances, the light effect impact the speed of the carriage but weight effect cause car crash. Hence, it is necessary to take the policy of industry naturing agriculture. "Industry nurturing agriculture" is the sublimation of "agricultural nurturing industrial". Industry has "growth" and goes to "mature" after accepting a long time feeding of agriculture and is supposed to return for agriculture. "Industry nurturing agriculture" and "city driving village" are inevitably choice in the middle and latter stage of industrial economic development, which is advantageous to the stability, peacekeeping and sustainable development of national economy and social.
2.1 The meaning of "industry nurturing agriculture"
"stability" effect of "Industry nurturing agriculture".Industry nurturing agriculture is conducive to promoting agricultural development and realizing the situation that the country is prosperous and the people are at peace. Before the industrial revolution, agriculture is the only dominant industry in national economy and is also the fundamental industry of social survival. After entering socialization of industrial, agricultural dominance is gradually replaced by industry, but its still is the basis of the social and economic development ensuring the steady growth and sustainable development of industry and national economy. Now, population of our country continuous increase, necessarily making the demand of agricultural products increase. However, the declining of cultivated land area and the increasing deterioration of the ecological environment makes harder to increase production of agricultural products. Food which is not too dependent on imports is a matter of national and national fate. "To protect national food security" has been put forward as a strategy of country in 2014. In order to ensure the quality and safety of food and agricultural products, we have to nurture agriculture powerfully and increasingly improve agricultural output capacity. "Peacekeeping" effect of "Industry nurturing agriculture".Industry nurturing agriculture is conducive to fairness and realizing the harmonious development of social and economic. International experience shows that when a country or region economic development entered the stage of middle industrialization, if it timely adjust development strategy, adhere to the "industry nurturing agriculture", increase support to agriculture, appropriately tilt to the interests of rural areas and farmers, increase farmers' income, and guarantee the farmers to live and work in peace, the whole national economy will be in coordinated and healthy development and realize industrialization and modernization smoothly. Conversely, it leads to agricultural atrophy, urban-rural gap, regional gap, widening the gap between rich and poor, intensifying social conflicts ,and ultimately affects the pace of industrial modernization.
2.2 The feasibility of the "industry nurturing agriculture"
From 2005 to 2012, GDP of HeBei province growth from 1.001211 trillion yuan to 1.001211 trillion yuan, increasing by 1.65 times. Per capita GDP increases from $1784.01 to $5776.49, increasing by 2.24 times. Fiscal revenue increases from 51.57 billion yuan to 208.428 billion yuan, increasing 3.04 times. The added value of the second and third industry is 1.477624 trillion yuan, which account for 89.21% in the added value of 1.65629 trillion yuan GDP. In 2012, the proportion of the second and third industry labor employment has reached to 65.1% and the urbanization level is up to 46.80%. Data show that the modern industrial system in HeBei province has been built preliminarily and has conditions to support the development of agricultural . It is time to perform "industry nurturing agriculture".
From the international experience, the goal of "industry nurturing agriculture" is mainly productive support and complementary increase farmers' income at the United States, Germany, Britain, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and other countries in the middle of the industrialization stage. Only owing the developed economies in the late stage of industrialization, the policy of "nurturing agriculture" becomes stability and specification can we turn to mainly increase farmers' income and protect the natural environment.
2.3 The policy choice of "Industry nurturing agriculture"
Using the experience of other countries and the present situation of HeBei economic development, the implementation of "industry nurturing agriculture" starts mainly from aspects of system, funding and public service. If compare the rural economy to coach towards the happiness, peasants are the passengers and "system" is the steering wheel which decide where the passengers go. "Money" as the fuel filling, its quantity and quality decide how far the coach go. "Public service" as the inner configuration and service, it decide the comfort of passengers. Three factors all indispensable, because "System Regurgitation" and "Capital Regurgitation" eventually embodies in "Public Service Regurgitation". System Regurgitation.Under the market economy system, resource is configurated by the market. Industrial yield higher than the agriculture is an indisputable fact. If this situation is allowed, industry will not nurture agriculture and even existing resources of rural will continuously enter industry. As the saying goes, military forces have not moved and the forage has started already. Policy and institutional choice on behalf of the government attitude, is the soul of industry nurturing agriculture, which is a matter of success or failure. This needs to actively eliminate and improve the original policies which have discrimination against farmers and the development of rural and agriculture. At the same time, build up fair and reasonable system and make full use of economic leverage such as taxes, interests rates and prices. Liberate productivity in the countryside to achieve a good interaction between the urban and rural, workers and peasants and make them share the achievements of economic reform.
Capital Regurgitation.Although it is important to cultivate agricultural own hematopoietic function, the necessary blood transfusion is the first choice in the growing problem of "Three rural issues" at present. "Capital regurgitation" is a material to ensure "industry nurturing agriculture", which asks the government to appropriately increase the intensity of fiscal investment and subsidies and have positive innovation to expand diversified rural capital supply channels. Government use efforts to reduce the financing cost and improve the efficient use of funds, which is called doing a good job in "addition" that is giving more; in addition, it minimize farmers' tax burden and reduce operating costs, which is called completing good "subtraction" that is taking less.
Public Service Regurgitation."Gives the human by the fish to be inferior gives the human by the fishing ". "Public Service Regurgitation" is the key and core of "industry nurturing agriculture". Combined present situation of the province rural economic development, government perform effectively aspects of the public service such as culture, science and education, health care, social security, ecological and environmental to realizing the situation where urban infrastructure is extent to rural, urban public service coverages the rural , and urban modern civilization is radiated to the countryside. Let all farmers share the benefits of industrialization, urbanization and modernization. Well and truly establish new pattern of urban and rural economic and social development which is equal status, open communication, complementary and mutually promote, making progress together, equal and harmonious. Let farmers really enjoy "education, employment, medical services, a sense of security, and housing". Achieve social stability and harmony. 3. Some thoughts strengthen HeBei rural public service in the middle and latter period of industrialization
3.1 The connotation of rural public service
The rural public service, a certain non-exclusive and non-competitive social services, is provided to meet the agriculture, rural development or common required of farmers' production and living. According to Maslow's theory of psychology, from the perspective of the farmers' personal need, it should include three levels that is physical, psychological and social intercourse. According to the use, it can be divided into five categories that is life services, productive services, security services, affordable services and developmental services. In the 12th five-year plan outline, it specific divided into nine aspects that is public education, employment services, social security, medical and health care, family planning, housing, public cultural nine aspects, infrastructure, environmental protection.
3.2 The significance of the rural public service
HeBei province has entered the middle of industrialization. Fairness, justice, sharing has become a contemporary mainstream value orientation. Strengthen the rural public service is a crucial factor to promote "three rural" work, promote basic public services between equally and safeguard national shared developmental results.
Establish and improve the rural public service system,which is supplemented by the tilt policy of financial, technology, talent, social security and other aspects, which effectively meet the demand of farmers, rural areas and agriculture. This is the core content of industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting rural.
The ascension of education, health care, social security and other rural public service level can remove the worry of farmers, which makes them save less and spend more to fuel economic growth.
Increase financial input can improve public services such as education, health, culture, which can increase human capital accumulation, cope with the challenge of high-tech better and speed up development of urban and rural economy.
Strengthen the rural public service is conducive to achieving the equality of wealth, resources and opportunities to promote the coordinated development of national economy and the integral development of urban and rural.
Increase investment in rural public service is conducive to adjust distribution pattern of the national income, and narrow the gap between urban and rural, the gap between the workers and peasants to promoting social fairness and justice. 3.3 From the perspective of demand to comparing urban and rural public services
Due to the restriction of many factors such as the historical evolution, the household registration system, land circulation system, production conditions, life style and the geographical environment, urban and rural basic public services is different in the level and content.
Life services.The difficult point of town is housing security and rural is focused on improving infrastructure, meeting the needs of farmers on daily food, clothing, shelter, transportation, medical and learning.
Productive services.The focus of town is on security and rural is on the construction of irrigation and water conservancy, roads and other infrastructure, and the services of guide before production,technical training during production and sales promotion after production.
Safety services.The town is the focus on handling service of atmospheric control, food safety, road traffic safety and emergency.The rural is the focus on the daily maintenance,ecological environment protection,animal epidemic prevention services and so on.
Security services.The town is the focus on solving the problem of urban equality among different groups.While social insurance level in rural such as medical and health, work injury, are low,which needs to improve.The system of land transfer system should reform.
Development services.Such as employment, the focus of town is as much as possible to create jobs and meet employment of rural residents; In rural it needs to focus on the export of labor services and skills training;Such as entertainment facilities, urban focus on fairness of resource allocation, and rural concerns reasonable facilities planning and layout.
3.4 Pay attention to some questions on rural public service
Public service should be oriented by customer.We can not simply extend city public services to rural areas based on difference of service between town and rural.We should make project planning, prevent supply from demand combined with the actual situation.Otherwise,we would get half the results with double the effort and in an awkward position.The government should make customer as client, The government is no longer the bureaucracy of superior , but entrepreneurs,which Can really get twice the result with half the effort.
Tamp foundation and enhance the level.We should increase the financial input in the system and capital, alleviate the inequality of public service at the urban and rural areas.In HeBei province,urban residents per capita disposable income is 20543.44 yuan, while in rural areas it is only 8081.40 yuan in 2012. The income of urban households is 2.54 times to rural households. The gap is very big. The public services in rural areas is provided by themselves.This is not only absence but also can not in place. If we want to reduce the gap between the workers and peasants, urban and rural areas, we must repayment of principal and interest. The innovation of public service supply mechanism and operation mode. On the basis of the government as the leading, we should encourage and guide individuals, enterprises and other social forces involved and form resultant force.For example,for different characteristics of public service product,we can use government equity participation, financial aid, joint ventures, bidding, business license, the public market implementation of various forms of public service and so on,which can improve situation of public services and efficiency of investment.
Make performance evaluation of public service. We can use scientific evaluation system to evaluate the performance of public services, which can guarantee the implement of public service.Government must deal with the relationship between "the helm" and the "paddle", and make clear the role and functions of the division.The government should not only pay attention to input and process, while ignoring the outputs and effects.
4. Acknowledgement
Science and Technology Project of Science and Technology Department, HeBei Province in 2013(13457414D).
References
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