目的探讨核因子κB(NF-κB)和细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达在肺纤维化发生发展过程中的作用。方法用Wistar雄性大鼠一次性气管内注射博来霉素(BLM,5mg/kg)制成肺纤维化模型,治疗组于BLM灌注后隔日1次腹腔注入地塞米松,对照组和模型组腹腔内注射生理盐水。3组动物分别于第1、3、7、14、28d处死大鼠(n=6/组),留取肺组织,对其进行HE染色,观察其病理学改变,碱水解法测定其中羟脯氨酸的浓度,免疫组化法测定肺组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1的含量。结果与正常组相比,模型组、治疗组肺组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1表达水平均显著升高。模型组NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达分别于第1、7d达高峰,以后逐渐下降。治疗组NF-κB、ICAM-1在各时间点均表达降低。结论 NF-κB和ICAM-1在IPF病理的早期阶段,可能在肺纤维化发展中起重要作用。 Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg / kg) was injected intratracheally into Wistar male rats to induce lung fibrosis. The rats in the treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone once a day after BLM infusion, and the control group and model group Injection of saline. The rats in the 3 groups were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day respectively (n = 6 / group). The lungs were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) The concentrations of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the normal group, the expressions of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in model group and treatment group were significantly increased. The expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the model group peaked on the 1st and the 21st day, respectively, and then decreased gradually. The treatment group, NF-κB, ICAM-1 expression decreased at all time points. Conclusion NF-κB and ICAM-1 may play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in the early stage of IPF pathology.