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晶体结构与性质是中学化学中物质结构中的重要部分,也是近几年高考命题的常考内容,为了更好的学习这一部分内容,下面将其常见考点总结如下.一、晶体常识1.晶胞(1)概念:描述晶体结构的基本单元.(2)晶体中晶胞的排列——无隙并置.a.无隙:相邻晶胞之间没有任何间隙.b.并置:所有晶胞平行排列、取向相同.2.晶格能(1)定义:气态离子形成1 mol离子晶体释放的能量,通常取正值,单位:k J·mol-1.(2)影响因素:a.离子所带电荷数:离子所带电荷数越多,晶格能越大.b.离子的半径:离子的半径越小,晶格能越大.
Crystal structure and properties of high school chemistry in the material structure of an important part of the college entrance examination in recent years, but also the subject of the normal test content, in order to better learn this part of the following common test centers are summarized as follows. Cell (1) Concept: The basic unit that describes the crystal structure. (2) The arrangement of the cells in the crystal - no juxtaposition. A. No gap: no gap between adjacent cells b. Juxtaposition: All Lattice energy (1) Definition: The energy released by a gaseous ion to form 1 mol ion crystal usually takes positive value in kJ · mol-1. (2) Influencing factors: a The number of charges carried by an ion: The more ions charged, the larger the lattice energy .b. The radius of the ion: the smaller the radius of the ion, the larger the lattice energy.