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隔离是指不同类别的社会群体差异分布的程度;居住隔离关注人群在特定地域空间(如城市)中分布的不均衡。本文重点回顾美国居住隔离的研究理论和测量方法。文章首先探讨居住隔离研究中的几个主要理论问题;其次重点介绍几类广为人知的测量指标,包括变异指数、暴露指数、熵指数、空间邻近指数等,分析各自的优势与局限,并简要介绍其他(如地理信息系统,GIS)新方法技术的运用。随后,文章讨论将西方式的隔离测量和分析方法应用于其他社会环境(尤其是中国)的前景和困难。我们认为,中等收入国家的居住隔离研究无需重走过去的路径;相反,转型时期的当代社会及不断涌现的数据或许能为未来相关研究指明方向。
Isolation refers to the degree of the different distribution of social groups in different categories; the residents in residential isolation are not evenly distributed in certain geographical areas (such as cities). This article focuses on the study of residential isolation in the United States and measurement methods. The article first discusses several major theoretical issues in the study of residential segregation. Secondly, it focuses on several well-known measurement indexes including variation index, exposure index, entropy index and spatial proximity index, analyzes their advantages and limitations, and briefly introduces other (Such as geographic information systems, GIS) the use of new method technology. Subsequently, the article discusses the prospects and difficulties of applying the Western approach of isolation measurement and analysis to other social settings, especially China. In our opinion, the study of residential segregation in middle-income countries does not need to revisit the path of the past. On the contrary, the contemporary society in the transition period and the emerging data may be able to point out the future research.