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目的了解大学生营养知识、不良饮食行为、营养状况及其相关关系,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在山东理工大学以班级为单位抽取818名非医学理工类二、四年级本科生为研究对象,进行营养知识和不良饮食行为现场问卷调查。结果大学生营养知识平均得分为14.4分。11.1%的学生有5种以上的不良饮食行为,29.8%的学生有3~4种不良饮食行为,16.9%的学生无不良饮食行为。不重视早餐现象在大学生中普遍存在,15.6%的学生有时吃早餐,2.4%的学生很少吃早餐。大学生营养不良和营养过剩所占的比例分别为8.8%和9.8%。营养知识水平较高人群的不良饮食行为较少,食用早餐情况较好;不良饮食行为较多人群正常体重所占的比例较低,营养不良、营养过剩所占的比例较高。结论大学生面临的主要营养问题是营养不良和营养过剩。在大学生中开展营养知识和饮食行为的健康教育是十分必要的。
Objective To understand the nutritional knowledge, poor dietary behaviors, nutritional status and their relationship among undergraduates, and provide the basis for making interventions. Methods A total of 818 non-medical undergraduates of grade two and four were enrolled in Shandong University of Science and Technology on the basis of the method of cluster sampling. The questionnaires of nutrition knowledge and unhealthy eating behaviors were collected. Results The average nutritional score of college students was 14.4 points. 11.1% of students had more than five kinds of unhealthy eating behavior, 29.8% of students had 3-4 kinds of unhealthy eating behavior, and 16.9% of students did not have bad eating behavior. Not paying attention to the phenomenon of breakfast ubiquitous among college students, 15.6% of students sometimes eat breakfast, 2.4% of students rarely eat breakfast. Undergraduates malnutrition and excess nutrition accounted for 8.8% and 9.8% respectively. Malnourished people had a lower level of bad eating behavior and had better eating breakfast. People with poor eating habits accounted for a lower proportion of normal body weight, malnutrition and high nutritional status. Conclusions The main nutritional problems facing college students are malnutrition and overnutrition. It is very necessary to carry out health education among college students on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors.