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【摘要】商务英语文体中存在大量的并列式同位语,读起来令人费解。本文运用案例分析法,探讨如何运用名片化思维方式来解读并列式同位语。这种阅读思维方式和技巧,将使商务英语阅读变得更加简单、轻松、愉悦。
【关键词】同位语 名片 商务英语 案例分析法
【Abstract】There are large amounts of side-by-side appositives in Business English articles which are difficult to be understood for readers. With case analysis, this paper discuss how to use card thinking mode to interpret side-by-side appositives. This reading way and skill will make business English reading easier, relaxed, cheerful.
【Key words】appositive; business card; business English; case analysis method
引言
句子中指代同一事物的两个词、片语或子句,称同位关系。例如:My brother, Jone Smith, will travel with me. 句中My brother和Jone Smith指的是同一个人,它们是同位成分,后一成分通常叫做前一成分的同位语。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。商务英语文体中存在大量的并列式同位语语句。这些语句句式结构长,较难翻译,不仅让刚刚接触商务英语的学习者倍感阅读难度大,而且阅读兴趣也会大大受挫。这些语句看似非常复杂,实际上并不是复杂句,而是简单句。下面以暨南大学出版社2013年二月出版的《英语阅读教程》第二册课文中的众多素材作为例句,分析如何运用名片化思维方式来解读并列式同位语的长难句式,从而使商务英语素材阅读变得简单而轻松。
一、案例分析1
“People are becoming a lot more aggressive,” says Tiffany Taylor, director of recruiting and talent management for Atlanta-based Consolidated Container. “they often wind up hurting themselves.”
以上句子是一个简单句,典型的主语 谓语 宾语的句式结构。句中只有一个同位语,句中的“director of recruiting and talent management”是“Tiffany Taylor”的同位语,“for Atlanta-based Consolidated Container”是介词短语在此做定语修饰前面的 “director”,用名片式解读,即可变出下面的一张名片形式:
Tiffany Taylor
Director
Recruiting and talent management
Atlanta-based Consolidated Container
用名片式思维方法解读该语句, 句子结构立刻变得清晰,语义明了,这个句子翻译成英文为:亚特兰大Consolidated Container公司招聘和人力资源管理主任Tiffany Taylor
二、案例分析2
“Signal confidence by offering a firm handshake”, adds Williams Smith, president of Wenroth Consulting Inc., an executive coaching firm in New York. “Focus your attention on the interviewer. Avoid looking around the room, tapping your fingers, or other nervous movements.”
上面这个句子很长,句子有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,对于初学商务英语文体的学生来说,读来有点费解,尤其是翻译起来有困难。而实际上这个句子仍然是主语 谓语 宾语的简单句,不是复杂句,句中的“president of Wenroth Consulting Inc.”是前面的先行词“Williams Smith”的同位语,“an executive coaching firm”又是前面的“Wenroth Consulting Inc.”的同位语,“in New York”是介词短语修饰前面的“an executive coaching firm”。同样用名片式解读,即可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Williams Smith
President
Wenroth Consulting Inc.
Executive coaching firm
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子就很容易理解,翻译为:纽约高管培训公司Wenroth咨询公司总裁Williams Smith
三、案例分析3
“Meanwhile, show you’ve done your homework on the company by explaining how your background and track record relates to its current needs”, adds Charles Clinton, founder of Columbus Advisors LLC., an executive-search firm in New York. 以上句子中同样有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,句中的“founder of Columbus Advisors LLC.”为前面的“Charles Clinton”的同位语,“an executive-search firm”又为前面的 “Columbus Advisors LLC.”的同位语,“in New York”是介词短语修饰前面的“an executive-search firm”。用名片式解读,可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Charles Clinton
Founder
Columbus Advisors LLC
Executive-search firm
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:纽约高管猎头公司哥伦比亚顾问公司创始人Charles Clinton
四、案例分析4
“Also, be sure to show you’re a strong fit for the particular position you’re seeking”, adds Julie Loubaton, senior vice president of human resources at PDI Inc., a Saddle River, N.J., provider of sales and marketing services for pharmaceutical companies.
上面这个句子很长,也有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,整个句子仍然为简单句,“senior vice president”是前面“Julie Loubaton”的同位语,“provider of sales and marketing services for pharmaceutical companies”是前面PDI Inc.的同位语,用名片式解读,可变出下面的一张名片形式:
Julie Loubaton
Senior vice president
Human Resources
PDI Inc.
N.J
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:总部位于新泽西州萨德河地区的PDI公司的人力资源高级副总裁Julie Loubaton,PDI公司是一家专门为制药公司提供销售和营销服务的公司。
五、案例分析5
“But if you aren’t really excited about an opportunity, keep it to yourself”, warns Albert Robinson, director of human resources at 5W Public Relations in New York.
上面这个句子较为简单,只有一个同位语,“director of human resources”是前面“Albert Robinson”的同位语,“at 5W Public Relations in New York.”为介词短语修饰前面的“human resources”,用名片式解读,可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Albert Robinson
Director
Human Resources
5W Public Relations
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:纽约5W公关公司人力资源主管Albert Robinson
总结:通过以上五个案例分析,发现用名片式思维方式解读商务英语素材中常出现的并列式同位语,更容易把握句式的整体结构、理解整个语句的语义信息,更快速、准确地进行中文转码翻译。但值得注意的,对以上所有例句进行中文转码翻译时,要采用逆向翻译技能,即从后向前的反向顺序来翻译,这样才符合中文的惯用表达方式。
参考文献:
[1]安志宏.英语阅读教程第二册[M].暨南大学出版社,2013,2.
[2]谭卫国,蔡龙权.外贸英语的语言特点与翻译[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008.
[3]段云礼.新编商务英语翻译教程[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2005,5.
[4]翁凤翔.当代国际商务英语翻译[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.
作者简介:安志宏(1967.7.25-),湖南宁乡人,文学学士,副教授,主要研究方向:英语教学法,跨文化交际。
【关键词】同位语 名片 商务英语 案例分析法
【Abstract】There are large amounts of side-by-side appositives in Business English articles which are difficult to be understood for readers. With case analysis, this paper discuss how to use card thinking mode to interpret side-by-side appositives. This reading way and skill will make business English reading easier, relaxed, cheerful.
【Key words】appositive; business card; business English; case analysis method
引言
句子中指代同一事物的两个词、片语或子句,称同位关系。例如:My brother, Jone Smith, will travel with me. 句中My brother和Jone Smith指的是同一个人,它们是同位成分,后一成分通常叫做前一成分的同位语。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。商务英语文体中存在大量的并列式同位语语句。这些语句句式结构长,较难翻译,不仅让刚刚接触商务英语的学习者倍感阅读难度大,而且阅读兴趣也会大大受挫。这些语句看似非常复杂,实际上并不是复杂句,而是简单句。下面以暨南大学出版社2013年二月出版的《英语阅读教程》第二册课文中的众多素材作为例句,分析如何运用名片化思维方式来解读并列式同位语的长难句式,从而使商务英语素材阅读变得简单而轻松。
一、案例分析1
“People are becoming a lot more aggressive,” says Tiffany Taylor, director of recruiting and talent management for Atlanta-based Consolidated Container. “they often wind up hurting themselves.”
以上句子是一个简单句,典型的主语 谓语 宾语的句式结构。句中只有一个同位语,句中的“director of recruiting and talent management”是“Tiffany Taylor”的同位语,“for Atlanta-based Consolidated Container”是介词短语在此做定语修饰前面的 “director”,用名片式解读,即可变出下面的一张名片形式:
Tiffany Taylor
Director
Recruiting and talent management
Atlanta-based Consolidated Container
用名片式思维方法解读该语句, 句子结构立刻变得清晰,语义明了,这个句子翻译成英文为:亚特兰大Consolidated Container公司招聘和人力资源管理主任Tiffany Taylor
二、案例分析2
“Signal confidence by offering a firm handshake”, adds Williams Smith, president of Wenroth Consulting Inc., an executive coaching firm in New York. “Focus your attention on the interviewer. Avoid looking around the room, tapping your fingers, or other nervous movements.”
上面这个句子很长,句子有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,对于初学商务英语文体的学生来说,读来有点费解,尤其是翻译起来有困难。而实际上这个句子仍然是主语 谓语 宾语的简单句,不是复杂句,句中的“president of Wenroth Consulting Inc.”是前面的先行词“Williams Smith”的同位语,“an executive coaching firm”又是前面的“Wenroth Consulting Inc.”的同位语,“in New York”是介词短语修饰前面的“an executive coaching firm”。同样用名片式解读,即可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Williams Smith
President
Wenroth Consulting Inc.
Executive coaching firm
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子就很容易理解,翻译为:纽约高管培训公司Wenroth咨询公司总裁Williams Smith
三、案例分析3
“Meanwhile, show you’ve done your homework on the company by explaining how your background and track record relates to its current needs”, adds Charles Clinton, founder of Columbus Advisors LLC., an executive-search firm in New York. 以上句子中同样有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,句中的“founder of Columbus Advisors LLC.”为前面的“Charles Clinton”的同位语,“an executive-search firm”又为前面的 “Columbus Advisors LLC.”的同位语,“in New York”是介词短语修饰前面的“an executive-search firm”。用名片式解读,可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Charles Clinton
Founder
Columbus Advisors LLC
Executive-search firm
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:纽约高管猎头公司哥伦比亚顾问公司创始人Charles Clinton
四、案例分析4
“Also, be sure to show you’re a strong fit for the particular position you’re seeking”, adds Julie Loubaton, senior vice president of human resources at PDI Inc., a Saddle River, N.J., provider of sales and marketing services for pharmaceutical companies.
上面这个句子很长,也有两个同位语,即并列式同位语,整个句子仍然为简单句,“senior vice president”是前面“Julie Loubaton”的同位语,“provider of sales and marketing services for pharmaceutical companies”是前面PDI Inc.的同位语,用名片式解读,可变出下面的一张名片形式:
Julie Loubaton
Senior vice president
Human Resources
PDI Inc.
N.J
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:总部位于新泽西州萨德河地区的PDI公司的人力资源高级副总裁Julie Loubaton,PDI公司是一家专门为制药公司提供销售和营销服务的公司。
五、案例分析5
“But if you aren’t really excited about an opportunity, keep it to yourself”, warns Albert Robinson, director of human resources at 5W Public Relations in New York.
上面这个句子较为简单,只有一个同位语,“director of human resources”是前面“Albert Robinson”的同位语,“at 5W Public Relations in New York.”为介词短语修饰前面的“human resources”,用名片式解读,可变成下面的一张名片形式:
Albert Robinson
Director
Human Resources
5W Public Relations
New York
用名片式解读,以上句子翻译为:纽约5W公关公司人力资源主管Albert Robinson
总结:通过以上五个案例分析,发现用名片式思维方式解读商务英语素材中常出现的并列式同位语,更容易把握句式的整体结构、理解整个语句的语义信息,更快速、准确地进行中文转码翻译。但值得注意的,对以上所有例句进行中文转码翻译时,要采用逆向翻译技能,即从后向前的反向顺序来翻译,这样才符合中文的惯用表达方式。
参考文献:
[1]安志宏.英语阅读教程第二册[M].暨南大学出版社,2013,2.
[2]谭卫国,蔡龙权.外贸英语的语言特点与翻译[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008.
[3]段云礼.新编商务英语翻译教程[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2005,5.
[4]翁凤翔.当代国际商务英语翻译[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社.
作者简介:安志宏(1967.7.25-),湖南宁乡人,文学学士,副教授,主要研究方向:英语教学法,跨文化交际。