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从历史和现实上看,任何法律制度的设计和运用都是以实现一定法律目的为依归的。法律目的可以笼统地解释为法律所要达到的境地,所要得到的结果。法律创立之初,其目的,也是唯一的目的,就是维护安宁。法律走向成熟时,要求更为广泛的目标,从而驱使我们在当代追寻超出法律秩序传统范围的那些目标。作为人类文明产物之一的刑事侦查制度亦是如此。各国不仅在设计和运用刑事侦查制度中体现了刑事侦查目的,而且在刑事侦查实践中也在努力实现着这些目的。从刑事程序法的角度上讲,刑事侦查是整个刑事诉讼的第一道工序,是刑事诉讼的开始,因而在刑事程序的显赫地位就显而易见。那么,刑事侦查的目的是什么?其目的在刑事侦查的立法和司法实践中居于何种地位?这是探讨刑事侦查行为调整所要首先探讨的问题。
Historically and practically, the design and application of any legal system are guided by the realization of certain legal objectives. Legal purposes can be broadly explained as outcomes to be achieved by law. When the law was first established, its purpose and sole purpose was to maintain peace. As the law matures, broader goals are demanded, driving us to pursue contemporary goals beyond the tradition of the legal order. The same is true of the criminal investigation system, one of the products of human civilization. All countries not only embody the purpose of criminal investigation in the design and application of criminal investigation system, but also strive to accomplish these purposes in criminal investigation practice. From the point of view of criminal procedural law, criminal investigation is the first procedure of the entire criminal procedure and the beginning of criminal procedure. Therefore, the prominent position in criminal procedure is obvious. So what is the purpose of criminal investigation and what is the purpose of criminal investigation in the legislative and judicial practice of criminal investigation? This is the first issue to explore the adjustment of criminal investigation.