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由国家提供的企业法文本作为标准合同往往会给投资者设定多种待选的企业法律形态。问题是:是什么因素决定了国家对企业法律形态的选择和设计?为何当事人的选择总是背离国家的理性设计?传统研究习惯于站在国家立场对影响投资者选择企业法律形态的诸因素进行理性猜测,并不重视从投资者的角度进行实证调查。本文以法学院和商学院研究生为样本,尝试运用社会学的调查方法,从投资者视角观察:投资者所接受的专业训练、性别构成与企业法律形态选择诸因素是否存在关联?分析不同的专业训练和性别构成是否会影响投资者对企业法律形态的选择,以及这种影响将在多大范围内发生?本项研究表明:专业训练与企业法律形态诸因素的选择之间仅存在微弱的相关性,性别构成对此有些影响;专业训练和性别构成对企业类型的选择并无明显影响;专业训练对国家确定企业法律形态时应当考量的价值因素存在较大影响,但性别构成与此无太大的相关性;企业形态法定主义并未如理论教条所描述的那样受到重视,理论界颂扬、肯定的企业形态法定主义缺乏观念(现实)基础。本项研究从社会学、统计学视野中定量观察法学问题,质疑了理论界的一些流行思考。同时也将说明:比较法主要只是一种站在不同立场观察制度运作的法学方法,并非仅如通常理解的那样,是一种“超国家比较”。同一法域内的比较以及制度与其运作实况的比较,同样应当构成比较法的任务和方法。
Business law texts provided by the state as standard contracts tend to give investors a variety of corporate legal forms to be selected. The question is: What determines the choice and design of the state’s legal form? Why is the choice of the parties always deviating from the rational design of the country? Conventional studies are accustomed to standing on the state’s position on the factors influencing investors’ choice of corporate legal form Rational speculation, does not attach importance to empirical investigation from the perspective of investors. This article takes law school and business school graduate as a sample, trying to use sociological survey methods to observe from the investor’s point of view: whether there is a correlation between the professional training received by the investors, the gender composition and the choice of the legal form of the enterprise? Whether training and gender composition will affect investors’ choice of corporate legal form and to what extent will this influence occur? This study shows that there is only a weak correlation between professional training and the choice of various factors in corporate legal form Gender composition has some impact on this; professional training and gender composition have no significant effect on the choice of business type; professional training has a greater impact on the value factors that should be considered when determining the legal form of the state, but the gender composition is not too large The formal statutory system of business enterprises has not received much attention as described in the theoretical dogma. The theoretical community praises the affirmative corporate statutory doctrine for lack of a conceptual (realistic) basis. This study quantitatively studies jurisprudence from the perspectives of sociology and statistics, and challenges some popular thinking of theorists. At the same time, it will also show that the comparative law is mainly a legal method that stands by the observing system in different positions and is not merely a super-national comparison as commonly understood. A comparison within the same jurisdiction and a comparison of the system with the actual situation of its operation should also constitute the tasks and methods of comparative law.