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焊条药皮中的水份,常被认为是引起气孔的主要原因之一。对水份的影响,一般常习惯于从其对电弧气中氢浓度的影响来看问题。根据作者的试验,在酸性焊条药皮中水份不仅不会增加气孔发生的趋向,而且可以协助消灭外气孔。作者认为:水份在焊接中对铁水首先是氧化作用,同时也提供大量的氢。由于铁水中含氧量增加后将改变氢在其中的溶解度,因此水份的氧化作用使它在酸性焊条中成为阻止氢大量溶入铁水的因素。在碱性焊条药皮中少量水份首先引起内气孔,这种内气孔在类型上与药皮中脱氧性不足所引起的内气孔完全一样。但碱性焊条本来含氧较低,水份带来的氧,不足以阻止铁水中含氢量的增加,因此这时水份引起的内气孔,应该是氢与一氧化碳联合作用的结果。
Electrode coating of water, often considered to cause stomata one of the main reasons. The effect on moisture is generally accustomed to seeing problems from its effect on hydrogen concentration in the arc gas. According to the authors’ experiments, moisture in acidic electrode coatings not only does not increase the tendency of stomata to occur, but it also helps to eliminate the outer stomata. The authors believe that: Water in the welding of molten iron is the first oxidation, but also provide a lot of hydrogen. As the oxygen content in molten iron changes will change the solubility of hydrogen in it, so the oxidation of water makes it in the acidic electrode to prevent hydrogen from dissolving into a large number of hot metal elements. A small amount of water in the alkaline electrode coating first causes internal porosity that is exactly the same type as the internal porosity caused by insufficient deoxygenation in the coating. However, alkaline electrodes were originally low oxygen, oxygen brought by water is not enough to prevent the increase of hydrogen in molten iron, so water-induced internal porosity should be the result of the combined effect of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.