“图形与几何”是义务教育数学课程标准设置的四个部分的课程内容之一,在小学数学中占有重要的地位,对培养儿童的初步空间观念起着不可替代的作用,但受儿童认知结构、心理特征以及思维水平等因素的影响,他们在学习这一部分内容时会遇到一些困难,这就需要教师采取相应的策略,给予学生有效的引导。一、几何图形学习和应用中存在的困难几何概念是空间形式的本质属性在人们头脑中的反映,它是用数学语言和符号揭示事物共同属性的思维 “Graphics and Geometry ” is one of the four parts of the compulsory education mathematics curriculum standard curriculum content, plays an important role in elementary mathematics, plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating children’s initial space concept, but by children Cognitive structure, psychological characteristics and the level of thinking and other factors, they will encounter some difficulties in learning this part of the content, which requires teachers to take appropriate strategies to give students effective guidance. I. The Difficulties in Studying and Applying Geometrical Geometry The concept of geometry is the reflection of the essential attributes of the spatial form in people’s minds. It is a way to reveal the common attributes of things with mathematical language and symbols