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采用野外放水冲刷试验法研究紫色丘陵区不同弃土弃渣下垫面产流产沙规律。结果表明:(1)不同下垫面条件的产流量、产沙量均随放水流量增大而增大;放水流量为5,10,15,20,25L/min时,产流量随时间推移均呈先增加后趋于平稳的变化,产沙量呈先增加后减小的变化,二者均存在波动现象,而产沙过程波动更为剧烈,呈现出多峰多谷特点。(2)土石比对产流量、产沙量的影响随放水流量增大而增强;相同条件下坡度越大,则产流量越大,产沙量亦越大;放水流量从5L/min增加到25L/min时,土质下垫面平均径流率、平均产沙率增加量均达到最大,而土石混合质下垫面增加量最小。(3)在产流量、产沙量与放水流量的经验方程中,25°土质下垫面产流量、产沙量增长率最大,分别为51.883,18.770,而35°土石混合质的增长率最小,分别为7.270,2.325。
Field runoff scouring test was used to study the law of runoff and sediment production of different spoil and residue surface in purple hilly region. The results showed that: (1) The runoff and sediment yield of different underlying surfaces increased with the increase of discharge water flow rate. When the discharge water flow rate was 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 L / min After the first increase, it tends to be stable and the sediment yield increases first and then decreases. Both of them have the fluctuation phenomenon, while the fluctuation of sediment production process is more intense, showing the characteristics of multi-peak and multi-valley. (2) The influence of soil-rock ratio on runoff and sediment yield increased with the increase of discharge water flow rate. The greater the slope, the larger the runoff and the larger the sediment yield. The discharge flow increased from 5L / min to At 25L / min, the mean runoff and average rate of increase of sediment yield on the soil surface reached the maximum, while the amount of soil and rock mixed surface increased minimally. (3) Among the empirical equations of runoff yield, sediment yield and discharge flux, the growth rate of runoff and sediment yield at the 25 ° soil surface was the highest, 51.883 and 18.770, respectively, while the 35 ° rock and soil mixture had the lowest growth rate , Respectively, 7.270,2.325.