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通过田间试验,研究玉米秸秆直接还田、腐熟还田与化肥配施等处理对棕壤磷素、玉米吸磷量、玉米产量、磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,除秸秆直接还田处理外,其他施肥处理均能显著提高土壤有效磷含量,且彼此间差异显著,以腐熟秸秆配施化肥处理最明显。各施肥处理均显著提高玉米吸磷量和玉米产量,以未腐熟秸秆配施化肥处理增产最明显。各处理的磷肥利用率从高到低依次为秸秆直接还田配施化肥处理>秸秆腐熟还田配施化肥处理>单施化肥处理。秸秆还田配施化肥提高了玉米产量,玉米吸磷量和磷肥利用率直接还田好于腐熟还田。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of maize straw returning directly to the soil, decomposing the decomposed maize and applying fertilizers on the phosphorus uptake by maize, phosphorus uptake by maize, corn yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency. The results showed that all fertilizations except straw returned directly to the soil could significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil, and there was significant difference between them. The treatment with the compost straw was the most obvious. The fertilization treatments significantly increased the amount of P uptake by maize and the yield of maize. The treatment with uncompounded straw and fertilization significantly increased the yield. From top to bottom, the utilization rates of phosphate fertilizer in all treatments were as follows: direct application of straw to chemical fertilizers, decomposing of stalks into straw and chemical fertilizers, chemical fertilizers alone. Straw returning with chemical fertilizers increased corn yield, phosphorus uptake of maize and phosphorus utilization rate was better than the return of decomposed soil.