自1935年英国植物学家坦斯莱提出生态系统概念以后,这个概念逐渐为生态学家所接受,而且认识日益深化。现在人们把人类的栖息地地球表层一生物圈看作为一个巨大的生态系统。在这个万物滋生的生物圈内又存在着多种多样、大大小小的生态系统。这些生态系统的生物区系和环境各不相同,其形态、结构和功能也不一样。从大范围看,地球表面可分为海洋 Since the British botanist Tansley put forward the concept of ecosystem in 1935, this concept has gradually been accepted by ecologists and its understanding has deepened. Now people regard the human ecosystem, the surface layer of the human habitat, as a huge ecosystem. In this biosphere where all things grow, there are also diverse, large and small ecosystems. The biological systems and environments of these ecosystems are different, and their forms, structures and functions are different. On a large scale, the surface of the earth can be divided into oceans