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地缘政治学,又称地理政治学,是政治地理学的一个变种,它是关于地理因素制约国际政治现象的理论,是建立在地理基础上的政治学。 地缘政治学形成于19世纪末、20世纪初,主要代表人物有德国的拉采尔和豪斯浩佛、瑞典的基伦、美国的马翰、英国的麦金德等。 拉采尔和基伦的思想 拉采尔首创“国家有机体说”和“生存空间说”,把达尔文关于物竞天择、优胜劣败的生物进化论概念,机械地搬用到国家的发展上,从而成为地缘政治学的理论基础。基伦进一步发展了拉采尔的思想,并首次提出了“地缘政治学”一词。
Geopolitics, also known as geo-political science, is a variant of political geography. It is a theory of geographical factors that constrain international political phenomena and is based on geography. Geopolitics was formed in the late 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the main representatives were Lazer and House Haut from Germany, Kiel in Sweden, Mahan in the United States, and Macdonald in the United Kingdom. Rasers and Kilen’s Thoughts Ralsell pioneered the theory of living organism by saying “national organism,” and drew Darwin’s concept of biological evolution as a natural selection and victory or defeat to mechanically apply to the development of the country. Become the theoretical basis of geopolitics. Kieran further developed Latzer’s thought and for the first time proposed the term “geopolitics”.