我国思想学术界在评述欧洲文艺复兴运动时长期流行着一个观点,即认为人文主义者持“人性反对神性”的立场。由于人文主义者的人神关系理论是整个人文主义思想体系的重要组成部分,故本文特就“人性反对神性”一说提出商榷如下。 一 我们不妨先检视一下在国内各种书籍中出现的“人性反对神性”提法。陈小川等人编著的《文艺复兴史纲》是一部颇具特色又较全面的专题教科书。该书认为人文主义者的人神观决定他们“在社会上广为宣传以人道反对神道,以人性反对神性的思想。”①类似说法在众多哲学教科书里亦天经地义般赫然纸上。如全增嘏主编的《西方哲学史》(上)写道:“人文主义者用‘人道’来反对‘神道’。”②其他象陈修斋、杨祖陶合编的《欧洲哲学史 In the course of commenting on the European Renaissance movement, our academic circles of thought have been prevalent for a long time that humanists hold the view that “human nature opposes divine nature.” Since humanist-humanist theory of humanism is an important part of the whole system of humanism, this article proposes the following discussion on the theory of “humanity opposes divine nature”. Let us first examine the reference to “humanity against divinity” that appears in various books in the country. Chen Xiaochuan, who compiled the “History of the Renaissance Gang” is a rather unique and more comprehensive topic textbook. The book argues that the humanistic outlook of the humanists determines that “they are widely publicized in society in order to humanely oppose the Shinto and to oppose the divine nature by human nature.” 1 A similar argument goes hand-in-hand with texts in many philosophical texts. For example, “The history of western philosophy” (all) edited by Quan Zeng-yi writes: “Humanists oppose ’Shinto’ with ’humanity.’” ② Others such as “History of European Philosophy” edited by Chen Xiuzhai and Yang Zuotao